Technology and Colonization Columbus Discovers the New World

Christopher Columbus was a colonizer, explorer, and navigator. He was born in the republic of Italy (Gies Gies, 1995).He was one of the greatest explorers of the 15th century from Europe. He managed to complete four journeys across the Atlantic Ocean. He is credited for having discovered the American continent.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Technology and Colonization: Columbus Discovers the ‘New World’ specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The mission to the discovery of the new world was enhanced by the ruler of Spain in 1492. He was given three ships, 90 crewmen and all the supplies needed for him to succeed in his mission (Gies Gies, 1995). Since he had all the requirements needed to succeed in his mission, he managed to sail across the Atlantic Ocean several times. As much as he did not know where he had landed, he managed to reach the shores of Florida in 1492. He discovered the American contine nt and decided to develop a small colony in 14 93 (Gies Gies, 1995). He is therefore known for highlighting the existence of Americas to the Europeans. During this era of Columbus, several European nations were fully established. Most of these nations had embarked on increasing their spheres of influence through acquisition of new territories (Gies Gies, 1995). Direct colonization was one of the ways through which the Europeans boosted their influence. The spirit of colonization was enhanced by the struggle for supremacy and the increased technological advancements that were witnessed in the 15th century (Gies Gies, 1995). To begin with, the Europeans had advanced in the ship making skills. They had managed to develop huge ships that could carry many people on board. These ships were also able to cruise on the surface of water for quite a number of months (Gies Gies, 1995). This is a major technological advancement that enabled the Europeans to reach distant lands. Furthermore, the increased knowledge in navigation skills offered them a basis to advance their expeditions foreign nations. They had already understood the working principles of the compass. They also drew maps and trained many people in navigation skills (Gies Gies, 1995). The availability of these resources and the personnel made it possible for the Europeans to increase their exploration and discovery of new lands.Advertising Looking for essay on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The ships were also mounted with canons and other war artilleries (Gies Gies, 1995). This increased the safety of sea voyage. International waters became safe since the ships could no longer be stolen by pirates. The gun and gun powder were major technological advancements during the 15th century. These components made it easier for the Europeans to concur and colonize the inhabitants of the new lands that were discovered (Gies Gies, 19 95). During this time, gun technology had been adopted after several years of advancement. Guns were used by the Europeans to manage large crowds with small numbers of soldiers. The canons were also advanced (Gies Gies, 1995). The use of gun powered machines increased efficiency during attacks. The latter were treated as weapons of mass destruction. The sizes of the stone throwing tools were also significantly reduced. The stones were also replaced by the huge iron balls. This increased the mass and strength of the balls and thus this type of tool became a deadly weapon during this era. The discovery of the explosive bombs that allowed clearance of large areas during the 14th century was also another technological advancement that enhanced colonization (Gies Gies, 1995). In conclusion, the agrarian revolution that resulted into large scale farming and mechanization of the farming practices pushed the Europeans to search for more lands for farming. Moreover, they needed additional more raw materials for their new industries. Reference Gies, F. Gies, J. (1995). Cathedral, Forge and Waterwheel: Technology and Invention in the Middle Ages. New York, NY: Harper Perennial. This essay on Technology and Colonization: Columbus Discovers the ‘New World’ was written and submitted by user Hindsight Lad to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Basic Guide to Using Spanish Adverbs

Basic Guide to Using Spanish Adverbs Like adjectives, adverbs are words that often are used to provide needed details in speech and writing. Although we could make grammatically complete sentences without them, we would be severely limited in what we could convey. Spanish adverbs are much like their English counterparts. There are at least two ways in which you can define what adverbs are: Words that tell us when, how or where the action or process in a sentence takes place.Words that modify or limit the meaning of a verb, adjective, adverb or entire sentence. A look at the examples below should make clear what types of words were talking about. As in English, most adverbs are derived from adjectives. In Spanish, most adverbs that are derived from adjectives end in -mente, just as in English most end in -ly. Following are the most common types of adverbs. Spanish Adverbs Examples Adverbs of manner: Adverbs of manner are the most common and are used in a wide variety of situations, as they tell how something is done. In Spanish, they typically come after the verbs they modify. Estudia bien. (She studies well.)Canta mal. (He sings poorly.)Conduce lentamente. (He drives slowly.)Me abrazà ³ carià ±osamente. (She affectionately hugged me.)Leo mucho. (I read a lot.) Intensifiers and modifiers: These serve to make the adverb or adjective they modify either more or less intense. They come before the words they modify. Estoy muy cansada. (I am very tired.)Es poco inteligente. (He is not very intelligent.)Est ms borracho. (He is quite drunk.) Point of view adverbs: These adverbs modify an entire sentence and evaluate it. Although they usually come at the beginning of a sentence, they dont have to. Quizs à ©l tenga miedo. (Perhaps he is afraid.)Personalmente, no lo creo. (Personally, I dont believe it.)Pablo evidentemente estudia mucho. (Pablo obviously studies a lot.) Adverbs of time: These adverbs tell when something occurs. They often come after the verb. Salimos maà ±ana. (Were leaving tomorrow.)No estudia nunca. (He never studies.) Adverbs of place: These adverbs tell where an action or process occurs. They can be confusing for beginning learners, since many of the adverbs that indicate place can also function as prepositions or even as pronouns. Adverbs of place appear either before or after the verb they modify. It is more important in Spanish than in English to make certain that the adverb is placed close to the verb it modifies. Est aquà ­. (It is here.)Allà ­ comeremos. (Well eat there.)Te busca arriba. (He is looking for you upstairs.)

Leading Organizations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Leading Organizations - Essay Example According to Kanter (1995) such an action will not constitute an adequate response. This is so because, success is based on an organisation's ability to create, rather than predict the future by developing those products that will literally transform the way the world thinks and view it self and the needs (Kanter 1995:71). Within the context of today's global competition, businesses and firms no-longer compete as individual companies but try to corporate with other businesses in their activities (Wu & Chien 2007:2). These researchers further argue that, this strategy has become quite common in many businesses today. The conventional vertical integrated company based business model is gradually being replaced by collaborative relationship between many fragmented, but complementary and specialized value stars and constellation (Wu & Chien:1). An alternative approach towards organisational success, one which is becoming increasing prominent and has attracted the sustained attention of both domestic and international business scholars are core competences, capabilities and resources (e.g. Madhok 1998, Prahalad & Hamel1990, Hamel & Prahalad1994 ). In today's global business environment it is no longer sufficient simply to meet customers demand as time quality and cost have become increasingly important in the phase of increasing competition (Petts 1997:551). According to Higgins (1998:2), "customers don't always know what they need or even that there is a problem to be solved." Success awaits those companies that recognize the fact that, to be successful and satisfy customers, it is often necessary to lead customers into recognizing these needs (Higgins 1998:2-3). This is what Nike and a host of other leading brands have been doing. In the next section, using the five forces framework of Porter (1980), I will diagnose the Nike brand to see the company's control over suppliers, competitors, competitive rivalry etc. 1.2 Nike and Porters Five Forces Model According to Porter (1980), argues that understanding of the sources of competition in an industry was vital in developing an organisation product advantage. As shown in the five forces frame work, Porter further states that, five forces were vital in shaping the nature of competition in an industry, and at the same time dictate the company's advantage through the nature of the relationship with the market participants. In the industry in which Nike operates rivalry is not fierce though there are many niche players, with direct competition coming from Addidas. Nike through the five forces has a higher bargaining power when compared to its competitors, suppliers and customers, because of the brand equity. With a relatively high profit margin, in the sector to attract potential competitors or new entrants, the situation is however difficult for new entrants to enter the line of business, because huge capital, and capabilities to support after sales services are vital too. Through an

Business communication Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Business communication - Research Paper Example e advertisement under focus pictures a girl who has bandage on both sides of her lips giving the impression that she hurt herself while trying to open her mouth to its limit in order to eat the ‘real big burger’. It has become a trend in the marketing industry to allure the teenagers, especially men, through gender appeal. The same tactic has been applied in the discussed advertisement. The face of the girl is only half visible in the advertisement with her cherry colored lips. The target market of Burger King, as can be analyzed from their overall marketing campaign, consists of moms with young children, teenagers and also middle class income families who have enough income to eat out on occasions. On the other hand, them portraying women in such a way that they cannot handle ‘Burger King’s REAL Big Burgers’ can make a negative impact on their existing target market and exclude many women from it. Burger King’s point of differentiation from its competitors (McDonalds, KFC etc) is that it has ‘REAL Big Burgers’ at the same affordable price which makes it a unique and special place to dine out. In this print ad as well their point of differentiation is depicted through their message intended in this picture. What they intend to say through this message is that our burgers are so big that the mouth of an ordinary person (can also be women) will pierce\cut out if they put it all in their mouth in one go. In this age we are all surrounded by advertisement everywhere in our homes on tv, on billboards while driving, in the bus stations on the internet everywhere. Hence creativity has become one of the primary factors to be considered while making an advertisement to catch the eye of the audience and this ad is a perfect example of creativity. It definitely catches the eye of the audience and the exaggerated ironic appeal would surely amuse him. What attracted me, and perhaps many other viewers, is the challenge to eat big burgers of Burger King. An

Art Blog Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Art Blog - Assignment Example That is probably one of the inner concept of the totality of the exhibit --- how everything is connected. The art works in this exhibit are connections to our past --- in fact, a very important past in the history of L.A. 2. Crosscurrents: A Day in the Life This is a very interesting post you wrote, Hailey, and the word tradition really caught my attention. Yes, the â€Å"Crosscurrents† exhibit is really about our culture and tradition --- much like a history of how everything came to be as they are now. Valentine's exhibit, which you mentioned is somewhat a miniature of what is at work here in the exhibit. You mentioned â€Å"What I enjoyed most about this exhibit was that it showed the process taken to make the Gray Column with photos, text and video, and told the story of how it was created.† For me, I see every piece of art work here as the step-by-step process of how it evolved to the modern art we know today. I also agree with you on your view of Henry Takemoto's â€Å"Untitled† piece of â€Å"circular shape with blue brushwork.† It's like an heirloom piece --- a piece of heritage. 3. Crosscurrents: Solid Light Grace, it is so true when you said â€Å"Computer images and pictures don’t do this artwork any justice at all.† I also love how you pointed out that the art piece looks different from different angles. The way you compared this piece of art to a sculpture and a painting at the same time is also a brilliant way of looking into this. I have always liked it to find someone who may not be truly able to understand a piece of art work, yet is able to find himself or herself communicating with it. The way you did your research makes me think that this art work really captured your interest. If I may say too, that the strategic placement of the art pieces also helped a lot in showcasing the maximum potential of each piece. It seems to me now that were some pieces placed at a different position, it probably would n ot have evoked the same experience for us. 4. Under the Big Black Sun: They All Woke Up Jaime, I do like the boldness of the posters too. They were brave and daring. We all know history and we do know too that that courage is what brought about the political and cultural movement in L.A. for the better. Thank goodness now we're celebrating diversity --- at least! Things such as these make me realize that there is beauty in the midst of even a horrible part of history. I am not an expert in graphic design, but I do know that the art here is not merely in the designs and the colors or the imagery at work. I feel there is also art in the way these people then responded to political and cultural issues through creative protests. The old adage â€Å"a picture paints a thousands words† seems to simple to even use to grasp the total idea of this whole exhibit. 5. Under the Big Black Sun: Rewind Hey there, Hailey. No one can really expect everybody to experience the same thing with e very exhibit. But what I appreciate in your post is your directness. You know what you were expecting and you know when you're not getting it. And despite how things seem to let you down, you still kept looking for something that will appeal to your senses. I also agree with your comment about Chris Burden's â€Å"The Reason for the Neutron Bomb† (1979). Meticulous and precise even seem like understatements at one angle, but since you mentioned â€Å"angles,† have you tried looking at that art work from different

Properties of Plants in the Forest

Properties of Plants in the Forest Spectral properties of plants in the forest: (1st ch) Interaction of radiation with plant leaves is extremely complex. General features of this interaction have been studied but many spectral features are yet unexplained. Gates et al., (1965) are considered pioneers, who have studied spectral characteristics of leaf reflection, transmission and absorption. Optical properties of plants have been further studied to understand the mechanisms involved by Gausman and Allen (1973), Wooley (1971) and Allen et al., (1970). It is the synthesis of the parameters like reflection of plant parts, reflection of plant canopies, nature and state of plant canopies and Structure and texture of plant canopies, which will be required to fully understand the remote sensing data collected from space borne and aerial platforms. They have been attempted for crop canopies through the development of models but not yet fully achieved. It will be initially required to discuss the electromagnetic spectrum and its interaction with vegetation canopies. Subsequent factors affecting the spectral reflectance of plant canopies with its possible applications in remote sensing technology would be discussed. The vegetation reflectance is influenced by the reflectance characteristics of individual plant organs, canopy organization and type, growth stage of plants, structure and texture of the canopies. The synthesis of the above four aspects provides true reflectance characteristic. However, various authors without fully achieving models to determine vegetation reflectance characteristics have studied effect of individual parameters. Nature of the Plant: Numerous measurements have been performed to evaluate the spectral response of various categories of plants with a spectrophotometer (Fig. ***). For a plant in its normal state i.e., typical and healthy the spectral reflectance is specific of the group, the species and even of the variety at a given stage in its phenological evolution. The general aspects of spectral reflectance of healthy plant in the range from 0.4 to 2.6 Â µm is shown in figure ****. The very abrupt increase in reflectance near 0.7 Â µm and the fairly abrupt decrease near 1.5 Â µm are present for all mature, healthy green leaves. Very high; further in the far infrared >3.0 Â µm. Thus, the typical spectral curve of plant is divided into three prominent zones correlated with morphological characteristics of the leaves (Gates, 1971). Pigment Absorption Zone: The important pigments, viz. chlorophyll, xanthophylls and carotenoids absorb energy strongly in ultraviolet blue and red regions of the EMR. The reflectance and transmittance are weak. The absorbed energy of this part of this spectrum is utilized for the photosynthetic activity (Allen et al. 1970). Multidioptric Reflectance Zone: In this zone, the reflectance is high, while the absorbptance remains weak. All the unabsorbed energy (30 to 70% according to the type of plant) is transmitted. They reflectance is essentially due to the internal structure of the leaf and the radiation is able to penetrate. The reflectance from internal structure is of physical more than chemical nature. Apart front the contribution of the waxy cuticle, the magnitude of the reflectance depends primarily upon the amount of spongy mesophyll. Hydric Zone: Amount of water inside the leaf affect the pattern of spectral reflectance with water specific absorption bands at 1.45 Â µm, 1.95 Â µm and 2.6 Â µm. Liquid water in a leaf causes strong absorption throughout middle infrared region. Beyond 2.5 Â µm the reflectance becomes less than 5% due to atmospheric absorption and beyond 3 Â µm the vegetation starts acting as quasi blackbody (Gates et al., 1965). There are numerous factors either internal of the plant or external coming from the environmental conditions have an influence on the specific spectral reflectance. The above descriptions are true only for a normal, mature and healthy vegetation. The factors which affect the spectral reflectance of leaves are leaf structure, maturity, pigmentation, sun exposition, phyllotaxis, pubescene, turgidity (water content) nutritional status and, disease etc. Important factors are pigmentation, nutritional status, anatomy of leaves and water content. While, sun exposition and phyllotaxy affects the canopy reflectance, phenological state and disease are linked to the primary factors affecting the spectral reflectance (Wooley, 1971). Spectral vegetation indices: Radiant energy intercepted by a vegetative canopy is primarily scattered by leaves either away from the leaf surface or to the leaf interior. The scattered radiation is reflected, transmitted or absorbed by leaves. The partitioning of radiation a reflected, transmitted or absorbed energy depends on a number of factor including leaf cellular structures (Gates et al. 1965; Kfipling, 1970; Woolley, 1971), leaf pubescence and roughness (Gausman, 1977), leaf morphology and physiology (Gausman et al., 1969 a, b; Gausman and Allen, 1973; Gausman et al., 1971) and leaf surface characteristics (Breece and Hommes, 1971; Grant, 1985). Leaves are not perfectly diffuse reflectors but have diffuse and specular characteristics. Leaf transmittance tends to have a non Lambertian distribution, while leaf reflectance is dependent on illumination and view angles. Knowledge of soils radiation interaction with individual leaves is necessary for several reasons like special to interpret and process remotely sensed data. Typical reflectance and transmittance spectrum of a individual plant leaf indicate three distinct wavelength regions in interaction: visible (0.4-0.7 Â µm), near infrared (NIR) (0.7-1.35 Â µm) and mid infrared (mid IR) (1.35-2.7 Â µm). Thus the typical spectral curve of plant is divided into three prominent zones correlated with morphological/anatomical/physiological characteristics of the leaves and these are Pigment Absorption Zone, Multi-Dioptric Reflectance Zone and Hydric Zone, etc. The analysis of all remotely sensed data involves models of many processes wherein the EM radiation is transformed (the scene, atmosphere and sensor) and whereby inference is made about the scene from the image data. The most common strategy for relating remote sensing data to vegetation canopies has been via the correlation of vegetation indices with vegetation structure and functional variables. This simple empirical approach has yielded substantial understanding of the structure and dynamics of vegetation at all scales. These indices are capable of handling variation introduced in a scene due to atmosphere or sensor and vegetation background influence in low vegetation cover areas. The capacity to assess and monitor the structure of terrestrial vegetation using spectral properties recorded by remote sensing is important because structure can be related to functioning, that is to ecosystem processes that are ultimately aggregated up to the functioning of the local-regional-global level of ecosystem. The categorization of the various spectral indices in to approximately five types. Such as Ratio Indices, Vegetation Indices, Orthogonal based Indices, Perpendicular Vegetation Indices and Tasseled Cap Transformation, etc. Remote sensing of cropland, forest and grassland involves the measurement of reflected energy of component in the presence of each other. The development and usefulness of vegetation indices are dependent upon the degree to which the spectral contribution of non-vegetation component can be isolated from the measured canopy response. Although vegetation indices have been widely recognized a valuable tools in the measurement and interpretation of ‘vegetation condition’ several limitation have also been identified. They are related to soil brightness effect and secondary soil spectral deviations. The use of site specific soil lines reduces soil background influence. In this context SAVI, GRABS and PVI holds greater promise in low vegetated areas. The vegetation indices are simplified method to extract information about vegetation parameter from multispectral data however, their use in spectral modeling needs to be studied in context of spectral dynamics of earth surface components. Resume Forest cover is an important natural resource for the environment and socio-eco on the surface of the earth. It can bridge the gap between nature and human beings conflicts. Changes in the forest land increase the imbalance in the ecosystem, climatic conditions, temperature, land degradation, drought prone zones, soil erosion, depending manmade activities, etc. The living tribes in the mountain hill as well as foot hill area utilized forest material for their domestic usages. Therefore, the objectives of detection and delineation of the forest land by using ordinary classification methods have been outlined in the present study. The methodology has been outlined in this chapter. The Landsat-5 TM and Landsat-7 ETM+ dataset has been suggested as a source of information to achieve the objectives of the study. The basic knowledge regarding spectral properties of the forest and physiographic elements as well as spectral vegetation indices area has been proposed for the second chapter to m ake information base study for image analysis, classification and interpretation in the next chapters.

The United States Lends Credibility to the International Criminal Court

The International Criminal Court (ICC), created in 1998 (Thayer and Ibryamova 2010), is responsible for investigating and prosecuting the most extreme cases, including crimes against humanity, aggressive crimes, war crimes, and genocide. The credibility of this institution, however, has been compromised due to the United States revocation of support and membership. Initially it is important to recognize the arguments against the United States becoming a member state of the ICC and what precipitated the U.S. withdrawing its signature from the document that instituted the Court. Once this has been established, addressing and refuting these objections will develop the arguments in favor of ICC membership. Finally, this analysis will lead to proving how the United States becoming a member state will increase the effectiveness and integrity of the International Criminal Court. One opposing standpoint to the union of the United States and the International Criminal Court is the concern of sovereignty. Those who support the United States’ decision to revoke its signature from the Rome Statute argue that by joining the ICC, America’s sovereignty would be threatened, for the country would be required to answer to a higher court. In accordance with this, many on the opposition believe it is necessary to create legislation that protects Americans from the ICC and allows the U.S. to retain its sovereignty. Consequently, the international community has expressed outrage in the United States’ actions to combat the International Criminal Court’s authority. As a world leader with one of the most sophisticated and respected judicial systems, these types of actions present the U.S. as appearing indifferent to the plight of human rights violations... ...s in International Relations (New York: Longman). Elsea, Jennifer (2006), â€Å"U.S. Policy Regarding the International Criminal Court,† in CRS Report for Congess (Washington D.C.; Library of Congress), 4. Bogdan, Attila (2008), â€Å"The United States and the International Criminal Court: Avoiding Jurisdiction Through Bilateral Agreements in Reliance on Article 98,† International Criminal Law Review, 8(1-2), 5. Barnett, Laura (2008), â€Å"The International Criminal Court: History and Role,† Library of Parliament, 2(11), 12. Chicago Council on Global Affairs (2010), â€Å"Constrained Internationalism: Adapting to New Realities,† [http://www.amicc.org/docs/Chicago_Council_Global_Views_2010.pdf], accessed 9 April 2012. American Non-Governmental Organizations Coalition for the International Criminal Court (2012), â€Å"US and ICC Info,† [http://www.amicc.org/info], accessed 9 April 2012.

Community Development Essay

Achieving gender equality and empowering women are necessary to achieve social, economic and political development. Today, girls and women continue to benefit from health and education services with women surpassing men in enrolment and academic achievements in many situations. Women in Malaysia are also more actively involved today in politics and numerous other national initiatives. Malaysia’s commitment and dedication to the advancement of women is evident in many of its programs and policies in the last two decades. In 1985, the Government of Malaysia formulated the National Policy on Women as a guide for women’s participation in the development process. The Policy helps enhance women’s quality of life by overcoming challenges through poverty eradication and education. The stature of women became a primary objective of the 6th Malaysia Plan (1991 – 1995), where a special fund for the development of women became a significant and integral step towards empowering women in Malaysia. Subsequent Malaysia Plans continue to focus on the needs of women with recommendations to advance their position in society. By agreeing to the commitments set forth in the Beijing Platform for Action at the UN Fourth World Conference on Women (1995), the Government promised to 1) enhance the national machinery for women’s advancement; 2) increase women’s participation in decision-making; 3) safeguard women’s rights to health, education and social well being and 4) remove legal obstacles and gender discriminatory practices. In 1995, the Government also ratified the UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women(CEDAW). In 2001, the Government created the Ministry of Women and Family Development with a mandate to address issues on women and uplift the stature of women in the country. Malaysia’s Constitution was amended in August 2001 to prohibit discrimination in any law on the basis of gender. The Government continues to play a crucial and supportive role in achieving greater gender equality in the country, by providing a healthy environment for the advancement of women at both national and international arenas. The Ministry of Women, Family and Community Development which is responsible for addressing women’s issues in Malaysia has had its budget increase from RM 1.8 million (US$ 0.5 million) in 2001 to RM 30.5 million (US$ 8.6 million) in 2005, demonstrating the country’s serious commitment to the cause. Future challenges to be considered include: addressing the continued poverty among female-headed households; combating violence against women; raising the effectiveness of gender mainstreaming strategies; reducing women’s risk of contracting HIV; removing attitudinal challenges that impact capacity-building; and raising the level of women’s participation in the labour force, in business and in politics and government. KPWKM is headed by a Minister, currently held by Datuk Seri Shahrizat Abdul Jalil (UMNO). She is assisted by a Deputy Minister, currently held by Senator Heng Seai Kie (MCA). The following departments and agencies are under the purview of the KPWKM: * Department for Women’s Development  In 1975, the Government set up the National Advisory Council on the Integration of Women in Development (NACIWID) as the machinery to ensure the involvement of women in development. In 1983, the Secretariat for Women’s Affairs (HAWA) in the Prime Minister’s Department was established to take over the tasks of the NACIWID Secretariat. From 1997, HAWA functioned as a department under the former Ministry of National Unity and Social Development. In 2001, the Department was placed under the then newly established KPWKM and restructured as the Department for Women’s Development (DWD). By 2002, the DWD had set up branch offices in every state in Malaysia.[7] * Social Welfare Department  Initially set up in 1946 as the Community Welfare Department of Malaya, the Social Welfare Department (SWD) has evolved in fulfilling its role in national development. From initially being involved in mitigating the social problems brought about by the immediate post-war period, the role and functions of this department have expanded to cover prevention and rehabilitation services in social issues as well as community development.[8] * National Population and Family Development Board  The National Population and Family Development Board (NPFDB) was established in 1966 to improve the reproductive health status of women and men and encourage family planning. It has since evolved to include policy and advisory roles by assisting planners and programme managers to integrate population and family development into sectoral development programme planning as well as facilitate policy makers to consider population and family development factors in the formulation of national development policies and strategies.[9] * Social Institute of Malaysia  The Social Institute of Malaysia was set up to promote professional and semi-professional training in the field of training and research as well as social education to all social workers from various levels and groups from within and outside the country including non-governmental organizations. It currently operates from a 50-acre (200,000 m2) campus in Sungai Besi that was completed in 2001.

Start Programming C With raspberry Pi

Start Programming C With raspberry Pi This set of instructions wont suit everybody but Ill try to be as generic as possible. I installed the Debian Squeeze distribution, so the programming tutorials are based on that. Initially, Im starting off by compiling programs on the Raspi but given its relative slowness to any PC in the last ten years, its probably best to switch to developing on another PC and copying the executables over. Ill cover that in a future tutorial, but for now, its about compiling on the Raspi. Preparing for Developing The starting point is you have a Raspi with a working distribution. In my case, its Debian Squeeze which I burnt with instructions from the RPI Easy SD Card Setup. Make sure you bookmark the Wiki as its got tons of useful stuff. If your Raspi has booted and youve logged in (username pi, p/w raspberry) then type gcc - v at the command line. Youll see something like this: Using built-in specs.Target: arm-linux-gnueabiConfigured with: ../src/configure -v with-pkgversionDebian 4.4.5-8 with-bugurlfile:///usr/share/doc/gcc-4.4/README.Bugsenable-languagesc,c,fortran,objc,obj-c prefix/usr program-suffix-4.4 enable-shared enable-multiarch enable-linker-build-idwith-system-zlib libexecdir/usr/lib without-included-gettext enable-threadsposix with-gxx-include-dir/usr/include/c/4.4 libdir/usr/libenable-nls enable-clocalegnu enable-libstdcxx-debug enable-objc-gc disable-sjlj-exceptions enable-checkingrelease buildarm-linux-gnueabihostarm-linux-gnueabi targetarm-linux-gnueabiThread model: posixgcc version 4.4.5 (Debian 4.4.5-8) Install Samba One of the first things I did and recommend to you if you have a Windows PC on the same network as your Raspi is to install and setup Samba so you can access the Raspi. Then I issued this command: gcc -v l.txt To get the above listing into the file l.txt that I could view and copy on my Windows PC. Even if you are compiling on the Raspi, you can edit source code from your Windows box and compile on the Raspi. You cant just compile on your Windows box using say MinGW unless your gcc is configured to output ARM code. That can be done but lets learn to walk first and learn how to compile and run programs on the Raspi. Read up on Cygwin and MinGW. GUI or Terminal Ill assume that you are new to Linux, so apologies if you know it already. You can do most of the work from the Linux terminal ( command line). But it can be easier if you fire up the GUI (Graphical User Interface) to have a look around the file system. Type startx to do that. The mouse cursor will appear and you can click in the bottom left-hand corner (it looks like a mountain( to see the menus. Click on Accessories and run File Manager to let you view folders and files. You can close it down any time and return to the terminal by clicking the little red button with a white circle in the bottom right-hand corner. Then click on Logout to return to the command line. You may prefer to have the GUI open all the time. When you want a terminal click the bottom left button then click Other on the menu and Terminal. In the Terminal, you can close it by typing Exit or click the Windows like x in the top right-hand corner. Folders The Samba instructions on the Wiki tell you how to setup a public folder. Its probably best to do that. Your home folder (pi) will be readonly and you want to write to the public folder. I created a sub-folder in public called code and created the hello.c file listed below in it from my Windows PC. If you prefer to edit on the PI, it comes with a text editor called Nano. You can run it from the GUI on the other menu or from the terminal by typing sudo nanosudo nano hello.c The sudo elevates nano so it can write files with root access. You can run it just as nano, but in some folders that wont give you write access and you wont be able to save files so running things with sudo is usually best. Hello World Heres the code: #includeint main() {printf(Hello World\n);return 0;} Now type in gcc -o hello hello.c and it will compile in a second or two. Take a look at the files in the terminal by typing in ls -al and youll see a file listing like this: drwxrwxx 2 pi users 4096 Jun 22 22:19 .drwxrwxr-x 3 root users 4096 Jun 22 22:05 ..-rwxr-xr-x 1 pi pi 5163 Jun 22 22:15 hello-rw-rw 1 pi users 78 Jun 22 22:16 hello.c and type in ./hello to execute the compiled program and see Hello World. That completes the first of the programming in C on your Raspberry Pi tutorials. Into games programming in C? Try our free Games programming in C Tutorials.

DMB essays

DMB essays Imagine standing on a stage, overlooking 70 tiered rows in what is possibly the most beautiful amphitheater in the world. As Dave Matthews and his fellow band mates walk on stage, the crowd cheers wildly. You are at Red Rocks and the scene is set for the Dave Matthews Band. Red Rocks Amphitheater is located in Morrison, Colorado, 15 miles west of Denver. It provides seating for 9600, and has some of the best acoustics found anywhere on Earth. Since 1941 it has been home to many concerts and performers and is the perfect backdrop for a live performance. Recorded on August 15, 1995, "Live At Red Rocks 8.15.95" was created at the height of the bands musical talent and at the bottom step of their climb to fame. It was shows like this that left fans mesmerized by the funky, jazz-infused riffs that the band played. It is this kind of energetic and intimate live music that keeps the fans coming back. The members of the Dave Matthews Band (or DMB for short) are each very unique, especially i n the instruments that they play. This is what makes the band and its music really work. Dave Matthews provides lead vocals and acoustic guitar, Boyd Tinsley plays the violin, Stefan Lessard is on bass guitar, Leroi Moore blows the woodwinds, and Carter Beauford plays the drums. Matthews is a very talented musician. He provides very unique singing styles and an abstract, awkward ability to play the guitar. Tinsley plays the violin like no other. It is odd to find a band with a violin, but his talent forces it to work. Lessard, who joined the band when he was only 16, provides funky bass lines that fill in the empty spots. Leroi Moore plays flute, saxophone, and clarinet which mixed with modern instruments, create an odd combination of sounds, finally Carter Beauford, known for his excellent improvisational skills and perfect fill-ins, lights up the drums with a talent that few have. These five musicians joined together on the night of August 15,...

Walmart Management Problems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Walmart Management Problems - Essay Example This creates the room for misjudging competitors and harming the relationship that the retailer will have with local suppliers. This is not the only problem that Wal-Mart faces the other problems include unions, low wages, sex discrimination, and others that have tarnished the name of the store. Wal-Mart Management Problems Looking at the last two decades will show how the global economy has gone through a radical transformation. Despite the fact that there are different geographic locations around the world separated by oceans and seas, improvement in technology has made the distance shrink completely. Some of the technological innovations that have made this possible are airplanes, satellite broadcasting, computers, fax machines, internet, and others. Technology has made it possible for business to expand internationally and get different suppliers from different parts of the world. Many people will talk about globalization and it simply refers to the worldwide economic activities of free flow of services, goods, knowledge, capital, competition, and open markets. Through globalization, global companies have been able to establish themselves in local markets while local companies have been able to go global. ... This is because it already has stores in Asia, Europe, and South America. Its expansion efforts are still on, as it has plans of putting up more stores both domestically and internationally (About Wal-Mart, 2001). The fact that the store is number one in the US does not guarantee it will be number one in the other countries. This is because of the challenges that lie ahead with the regulations of the country where it will be opening its stores and the local supplier’s willingness to supply the store with products. The culture adopted in the region will tell a lot if the store will be able to achieve its objective of being in business while offering customers with quality products and services. Despite globalization being good news for businesses, it has made competition to increase with the increase in number of competitors. The fact that everyone is currently concerned with the environment and looks for all possible means in which they can conserve the environment makes envir onment friendly businesses have an upper hand in dominating the market. Customers will be attracted to companies that are out to protect our environment that is already destroyed rather than companies that are out to see complete destruction of the little beauty left in our environment. Going green will help in ensuring that you have constant market for your goods and services. The Wal-Mart Culture (2004) explains Wal-Marts three basic beliefs and rules that makes the store different from its competitors. However, Gilman (2004), Jones (1998), and Menzer (2001) give the reasons for the rate at which Wal-Mart is expanding in to the international market. They have a strong belief that Wal-Mart will dominate the US market in the future. A number of

Leadership style and theories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Leadership style and theories - Essay Example When what needs to be accomplished is clear, it is more likely that it will be communicated to the other employees. I also determine which tasks would be best to particular employees as I understand my juniors very well. There is always a need to match responsibilities to the strengths of every person. Giving person roles that are new to him/her will be a recipe for chaos. As a leader, I must ensure that I give individuals projects that they will be more enthusiastic to do. Many modern-day organizations use participatory leadership as their management style. Delegating leadership style relates to participatory leadership because decisions are made with the participation of people affected by the decisions. Just like delegating leadership style, participatory leadership style adds a democratic dimension in leadership. Participative leadership ensures that it consults other people, especially the employees in the process of making decisions. Although participative leaders may eventuall y make decisions on their own, consulting other people demonstrates consideration and respect for other people. This approach of leadership is appreciated by followers who reciprocate by showing their loyalty and commitment. Just like delegating leadership style, participative leadership leads to the development of employees and builds support for the vision of the organization. Participative leaders empower other people to make decisions and take actions that are within defined boundaries. I believe that all leaders are made, not born.