Mandated Curriculum vs. Developmentally Appropriate Practices Essay

I am contacting you in regards to the new state mandated textbook – based curriculum for kindergarten. While I understand that Common core learning standards recently adopted by 45 states and the District and supported by the Obama administration and asserting that they lead to poor quality teaching and take all the joy out of kindergarten (Kenny, 2013). Many children, especially kindergarteners need less strict and regimented learning opportunities to enjoy learning instead of being stressed. Our goal as parents and educators is to instill a love of learning not fear and disappointment. Not every child learns at the same rate and efficiency as others in the same classroom. This needs to be taken into account when using the textbook- based curriculum. There is however a way to stick to the state standards while making the learning experiences more fun for the children. To do this we would need to incorporate the Developmental Appropriate Practices method of learning. The Developmental Appropriate Practices often shortened to DAP, is an approach to teaching grounded in the research on how young children develop and learn and in what is known about effective early education. Its framework is designed to promote young children’s optimal learning and development (NAEYC, n.d.). With this method of learning, the teachers are meeting the needs of the children, both individually and as the whole group. Children comprehend more when the information is delivered in a more relaxed setting. The NAEYC acknowledges three core considerations, knowing about child development and learning, what is individually appropriate, and what is culturally important. By incorporating theses core values into the standards the children will be able to learn in a more child friendly and productive environment. Students who complete kindergarten should demonstrate mastery of many of the skills within the Kindergarten Standards. It is critical that kindergarten instruction occurs through an active learning approach where teachers use differentiated instructional strategies and focus on learning centers and play as key elements of the  daily schedule. Child directed instruction should be predominant with language and literacy and math infused through the day in addition to their special focus learning times. Kindergarten children should be given opportunities to develop social and emotional skills, physical skills and their creative expression within the course of a kindergarten day (pakeys, 2009). Below is an abridged version of the 2014 Pennsylvania Department of Education Academic Standards for Language Arts: 1.1 Foundational Skills – Students gain a working knowledge of concepts of print, alphabetic principle, and other basic conventions. Book Handling CC.1.1.K.A Utilize book handing skills. Print Concepts CC.1.1.K.B Demonstrate understanding of the organization and basic features of print. Follow words left to right, top to bottom, and page by page. Recognize that spoken words are represented in written language by specific sequences of letters. Understand that words are separated by spaces in print. Recognize and name all uppercase and lowercase letters of the alphabet. 1.1 Foundational Skills – Students gain a working knowledge of concepts of print, alphabetic principle, and other basic conventions. Phonological Awareness CC.1.1KC Demonstrate understanding of spoken words, syllables, and sounds (phonemes). Recognize and produce rhyming words.  Count, pronounce, blend, and segment syllables in spoken words. Blend and segment onsets and rimes of single- syllable spoken words. Isolate and pronounce the initial, medial vowel, and final sound (phonemes) in the three- phoneme (CVC) words. 1.1 Foundational Skills – Students gain a working knowledge of concepts of print, alphabetic principle, and other  basic conventions. Phonics and Word Recognition CC.1.1.K.D Know and apply grade-level phonics and word analysis skills in decoding words. Demonstrate basic knowledge of one-to-one letter-sound correspondence. Associate the long and short sounds with common spellings for the five major vowels. Read grade-level high-frequency sight words with automaticity. Distinguish between similarly spelled words by identifying the sounds of the letters that differ. 1.1 Foundational Skills – Students gain a working knowledge of concepts of print, alphabetic principle, and other basic conventions. Fluency CC.1.1.K.E Read emergent – reader text with purpose and understanding. 1.2 Reading Informational Text – Students read, understand, and respond to informational text—with an emphasis on comprehension, vocabulary acquisition, and making connections among ideas and between texts with a focus on textual evidence. Key Ideas and Details Main Ideas CC.1.2.K.A With prompting and support, identify the main idea and retell key details of text. Key Ideas and Details Text Analysis CC.1.2.K.B With prompting and support, answer questions about key details in a text. Key Ideas and Details Text Analysis CC.1.2.K.C With prompting and support, make a connection between two individuals, events, ideas, or pieces of information in a text 1.2 Reading Informational Text – Students read, understand, and respond to informational text—with an emphasis on comprehension, vocabulary acquisition, and making connections among ideas and between texts with a focus on textual evidence. Craft and Structure Point of View Intentionally Blank Craft and Structure Text Structure CC.1.2.K.E Identify parts of a book (title, author) and parts of a text beginning, end, details). Craft and Structure Vocabulary CC.1.2.K.F With prompting and support, ask and answer questions about unknown words in a text. 1.2 Reading Informational Text – Students read, understand, and respond to informational text—with an emphasis on comprehension, vocabulary acquisition, and making connections among ideas and between texts with a focus on textual evidence. Integration of Knowledge and Ideas Diverse Media CC.1.2.K.G Answer questions to describe the relationship between illustrations and the text in which they appear. Integration of Knowledge and Ideas Evaluating Arguments CC.1.2.K.H With prompting and support, identify the reasons an author gives to support points in a text. 1.2 Reading Informational Text – Students read, understand, and respond to informational text—with an emphasis on comprehension, vocabulary acquisition, andmaking connections among ideas and between texts with a focus on textual evidence Integration of Knowledge and Ideas Analysis Across Texts CC.1.2.K.I With prompting and support, identify basic similarities and differences between two texts (read or read aloud) on the same topic. Vocabulary Acquisition and Use CC.1.2.K.J Use words and phrases acquired through conversations, reading, and being read to, and responding to texts. 1.2 Reading Informational Text – Students read, understand, and respond to informational text—with an emphasis on comprehension, vocabulary acquisition, and making connections among ideas and between texts with a focus on textual evidence. Vocabulary Acquisition and Use CC.1.2.K.K Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown or multiple-meaning words and phrases based upon grade-level reading and content. Range of Reading CC.1.2.K.L – Actively engage in group reading activities with purpose and understanding. 1.3 Reading Literature – Students read and respond to works of literature—with emphasis on comprehension, vocabulary acquisition, and making connections among ideas and between texts with focus on textual evidence. Key Ideas and Details Theme CC.1.3.K.A With prompting and support, retell familiar stories including key details Key Ideas and Details Text Analysis CC.1.3.K.B Answer questions about key details in a text. Key Ideas and Details Literary Elements CC.1.3.K.C With prompting and support, identify characters, settings, and major events in a story. 1.3 Reading Literature – Students read and respond to works of literature—with emphasis on comprehension, vocabulary acquisition, and making connections among ideas and between texts with focus on textual evidence Craft and Structure Point of View CC.1.3.K.D Name the author and illustrator of a story and define the role of each in telling the story. Craft and Structure Text Structure CC.1.3.K.E Recognize common types of text. Craft and Structure Vocabulary CC.1.3.K.F Ask and answer questions about unknown words in a text. 1.3 Reading Literature – Students read and respond to works of literature—with emphasis on comprehension, vocabulary acquisition, and making connections among ideas and between texts with focus on textual evidence. Integration of Knowledge and Ideas Source of Information CC.1.3.K.G Make connections between the illustrations and the text in a story (read or read aloud). Integration of Knowledge and Ideas Text Analysis CC.1.3.K.H Compare and contrast the adventures and experiences of characters in familiar stories. In conclusion as you can see above by using the textbook- based curriculum alone there is the potential for less learning on the part of the students and a stressful environment. However, incorporating the DAP principle into the standards can offer the students both the state required learning and the NAEYC recommended approach to early- childhood learning. Children comprehend more when the information is delivered in a more relaxed setting. References Kenny, D., 2013, The right curriculum for kindergarten: Play, The Washington Post, http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/making-the-common-core-work-for-students/2013/03/08/a8e7b5d8-86a8-11e2-98a3-b3db6b9ac586_story.html http://www.naeyc.org/DAP, â€Å"Developmentally Appropriate Practice in Early Childhood Programs Serving Children from Birth through Age 8† (PDF), adopted in 2009. https://www.pakeys.org/uploadedContent/Docs/PD/Standards/Kindergarten%202010.pdf http://www.pdesas.org/Standard/StandardsDownloads Pennsylvania Department of Education, 2014, Academic Standards for English Language Arts, http://static.pdesas.org/content/documents/PA%20Core%20Standards%20ELA%20PreK-5%20March%202014.pdf

PSY 435 Full Course Material Essay

PSY 435 Entire Course All Assignments Weeks 1-5 http://homeworktimes.com/downloads/psy-435-entire-course-assignments-weeks-1-5/ For More Tutorial Visit: http://homeworktimes.com For any Information Email Us: Uopguides@gmail.com PSy 435 Week 1 Industrial Organizational Psychology Worksheet(1) PSy 435 Week 2 Job Analysis Paper(1) PSy 435 Week 3 Employee Selection and Training Paper(1) PSy 435 Week 4 Improving Organization Retention Paper PSy 435 Week 4 Learning Team Assignment Outline(1) PSy 435 Week 5 Leadership and Performance Paper(1) PSy 435 Week 5 Working with Employees Portfolio(1) PSY 435 Entire Course All Assignments Weeks 1-5 http://homeworktimes.com/downloads/psy-435-entire-course-assignments-weeks-1-5/ For More Tutorial Visit: http://homeworktimes.com For any Information Email Us: Uopguides@gmail.com PSy 435 Week 1 Industrial Organizational Psychology Worksheet(1) PSy 435 Week 2 Job Analysis Paper(1) PSy 435 Week 3 Employee Selection and Training Paper(1) PSy 435 Week 4 Improving Organization Retention Paper PSy 435 Week 4 Learning Team Assignment Outline(1) PSy 435 Week 5 Leadership and Performance Paper(1) PSy 435 Week 5 Working with Employees Portfolio(1) PSY 435 Entire Course All Assignments Weeks 1-5 http://homeworktimes.com/downloads/psy-435-entire-course-assignments-weeks-1-5/ For More Tutorial Visit: http://homeworktimes.com For any Information Email Us: Uopguides@gmail.com PSy 435 Week 1 Industrial Organizational Psychology Worksheet(1) PSy 435 Week 2 Job Analysis Paper(1) PSy 435 Week 3 Employee Selection and Training Paper(1) PSy 435 Week 4 Improving Organization Retention Paper PSy 435 Week 4 Learning Team Assignment Outline(1) PSy 435 Week 5 Leadership and Performance Paper(1) PSy 435 Week 5 Working with Employees Portfolio(1) PSY 435 Entire Course All Assignments Weeks 1-5 http://homeworktimes.com/downloads/psy-435-entire-course-assignments-weeks-1-5/ For More Tutorial Visit: http://homeworktimes.com For any Information Email Us: Uopguides@gmail.com PSy 435 Week 1 Industrial Organizational Psychology Worksheet(1) PSy 435 Week 2 Job Analysis Paper(1) PSy 435 Week 3 Employee Selection and Training Paper(1) PSy 435 Week 4 Improving Organization Retention Paper PSy 435 Week 4 Learning Team Assignment Outline(1) PSy 435 Week 5 Leadership and Performance Paper(1)

Assignment

The Richman Investments employee is responsible to ensure the affiliated member does not violate any Richman Investments policies, does not perform illegal activities, and does not use the access for outside business interests. The Richman Investments employee bears responsibility for the consequences should the access be misused. 3. Below are the following policies for details of protecting information when accessing the corporate network when referencing the remote access methods, and acceptable use of Richman Investments network: a. Wireless Communications Policy b. Acceptable Use Policy c. Acceptable Encryption Policy d. Virtual Private Network (VPN) Policy 4. Additional information regarding Richman Investment’s remote access connection options, To include how to order or disconnect service, cost comparisons, troubleshooting, etc. , you will have to logon to Remote Access Services website. Framework Requirements 1. Secure remote access standard will be strictly controlled. Control will be enforced by a one-time password authentication and minimum 7 character length, special character and 1 numerical character with 1 month expiration. . No Richman Investments employee will ever provide their login or email password to Anyone in or out of Richman Investments without prior written consent. 3. Richman Investments employees and affiliates with remote access privileges must ensure that their Richman Investments-owned or personal computer or workstation, which is remotely connected to Richman Investments corporate network is not dual-connected to any other network at the same time. 4. Richman Investments employees and affiliates with remote access privileges to Richman Investments corporate network must not use non-Richman Investments email accounts or other external resources to conduct Richman Investments business. 5. Routers for dedicated lines configured for access to the Richman Investments network must meet minimum authentication requirements as designated by IT Staff. 6. Reconfiguration of a home users equipment for the purpose of split-tunneling or dual homing is not permitted at any time. 7. Frame Relay must meet minimum authentication requirements of company standards. 8. Non-standard hardware configurations must be approved by Remote Access Services, and InfoSec must approve security configurations for access to hardware. 9. All hosts that are connected to Richman Investments internal networks remote access technologies must use the most up to date anti-virus software, this will include personal computers. Third party connections must comply with requirements set forth by company. 10. Personal equipment that is used to connect to Richman Investments networks must meet the requirements of company-owned equipment for remote access and obtain written approval by company.

Romanticism was a cultural movement that was based upon reactions to Essay

Romanticism was a cultural movement that was based upon reactions to the onset of the new Industrial Age. Explain the growth of romanticism, its basic ideas, a - Essay Example In order to be able to truly understand how and why all of this took place, we need to first understand a bit more about romanticism itself and what it is all about, as well as all of the key and related issues in regards to how it changed and how it was grown. By doing this, we will not only be able to better understand the term romanticism, but as well we will be able to understand the reasons why and how it has grown and altered. This is what will be dissertated in the following. Romanticism is considered as being "A movement in art and literature in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries in revolt against the Neoclassicism of the previous centuriesThe German poet Friedrich Schlegel, who is given credit for first using the term romantic to describe literature, defined it as 'literature depicting emotional matter in an imaginative form'Any list of particular characteristics of the literature of romanticism includes subjectivity and an emphasis on individualism; spontaneity; freedom from rules; solitary life rather than life in society; the beliefs that imagination is superior to reason and devotion to beauty; love and worship of nature; and fascination with the past, especially the myths and mysticism of the middle ages".1 There are many different

Writing essay on volcanic phenomena Research Paper

Writing essay on volcanic phenomena - Research Paper Example However, it is better not to stay close, because lava emits poisonous gases. Notwithstanding that lava flows makes no loud sound, its emitting of poisonous gases can be hazardous for human health. Moreover, it is better to know and prevent potential damages caused by lava. These are two properties that are usually taken into account: viscosity, and gases (Rowland). Viscosity represents a concept that explains lava’s fluidity. When the fluidity is high, lava cover large distances and is considered to be very dangerous. Such lavas can stop flowing only when they become cool and consequently solid and this process takes time. According to Nagata, â€Å"The variation in electric conductivity with temperature is expected to be closely related to that of the viscosity of the lava, as in the case of viscous glass, in which, as is known empirically, the reciprocal of the ionic conductivity caries linearly with the coefficient of viscosity† (Nagata, p2). Temperature of lava is high. It is 1,250 ° Celsius (Rowland) in Hawaiian volcanoes, but generally, lava temperature can reach 750 ° Celsius. Therefore it is desirable to be as far as possible from lava flow. Nevertheless safe distance depends on activity of lava flow and direction of the wind but this distance preferably shouldn’t exceed 10 m (Riley). Lava is dangerous not only for humans, but also for everything around. Lava flow can surely damage some surrounding objects. Fortunately, concrete and iron can resist it. It can be explained as follows: Irons melting point is 2750 °F in comparison to lava’s melting point 1300-2400 °F. Furthermore lava can’t melt steel like other metals, dirt and rocks (Lava). It’s worth remembering that lava moves not very fast and it is possible for people to outrun it. For example, hot Hawaiian lava flows about a few meters per minute while cool lavas flows only a few meters a day (Lava). But it is as well necessary to know that lava

Healthcare Heat Lamps Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Healthcare Heat Lamps - Essay Example To be noted, these processes are often followed through the implementations of standard costing methods (Berger, 2011). However, standard costing possesses both negatives and positives in offering better control to the management when applying cost management strategies. The same will be discussed in this report, taking the example of Healthcare Heat Lamps. Starting with a generalised perspective, the term, ‘standard costing’ will be defined along with the key assumptions of these mechanisms. Standard Costing The term ‘Standard’ refers to the creation of a benchmark or yardstick. Accordingly, the word ‘Standard Costing’ has been defined by the Institute of Cost and Management Accountant of London as a predetermined cost which is taken into concern when producing or performing other operations to distribute each product and/or service to the customers under normal economic conditions. The cost variables considered in standard costing procedures m ight be based on technological requirements for the materials, labour and overheads for the decided period of time as well as effective analysis of the working conditions (Dosen, 2013). In simple terms, standard costing can be described as the technique of designing the criteria of costs as well as revenues (Shaub, 2010). To be precise, standard costing is a traditional concept of accounting which aims at determining the standard of each elementary cost and thus, often acts as a procedure of comparing the predetermined costs with the actual costs. Technically, it is considered as quite beneficial in discovering the deviations that are financially well known as ‘variances’. ‘Variances’ can be defined as the predetermined rate that is generally implemented in the standard costing as well as budgetary control systems. It can be affirmed in this context that the analysis of variances is deemed to be essential to summarize the incidents as well as defining the p rocess of standard costing so as to support the cost control aims of the company (Sivakumar, 2009). The method of standard costing might be based on an assortment of key factors that have been mentioned below. Determining the suitable benchmarks for each component in terms of cost variances Establishment of information regarding actual as well as standard costs that should be executed Comparing actual costs with the standard costs to determine the variances Properly analysing the variances to find out the actual cause of differences in the costs calculated Reporting the responsible authorities for developing and implementing curative measures to mitigate the differences in the costs as deciphered through the variances (Dosen, 2013) In this context, for the better understanding of the concept of standard costing, a pictorial flow chart has been illustrated below: Source: (Kingdee, n.d.) The Key Assumptions Related to the Calculation of Standard Costs The calculation of standard costi ng is generally conducted on the basis of certain key assumptions. These key assumptions have been listed below in a brief manner for comprehensive understanding of

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 13

Marketing - Essay Example At the apex are vital corporate decisions dealing with the firm's mission, visualization, goals, and the allocation of resources in the midst of business units. Planning at this stage involves decisions concerning the divestment of the business units themselves. These decisions drop down the corporate constitution to the business-unit level, where planning is mainly focused on achieving the objectives inside defined product markets. Planning at this stage must consider and be regular with decisions prepared at the corporate level. However, single business unit organizations, corporate and business unit approach are the same. Crucial planning and decision making usually originates at the bottom of the structure. It is at this stage where firms put into operation the planned decisions regarding marketing strategy as well as marketing plans. This report seek to identify the role of marketing during strategic planning in building profitable customer relations. Also, it will highlight on negative impacts of a biased marketing plan. For a long time now, managers and academics have tried to differentiate productive from unproductive companies. The answer lies in the firm’s ability to bring greater customer significance, thus outperforming the competitors in the view of the customer. Within the limitations of corporate and   business strategy, strategic marketing is the instrument for making choices with regard to the client value for a target audience. By the use of segmentation and positioning, strategic marketing assist in targeting a company's marketing tools to achieve the market and marketing objectives formulated. Kotler defines Customer value as customers' feelings about the products received from a firm including the  risks related to that product. The key point is the identification of opportunities for consumer value. It also involves the process of analyzing the external and internal company atmosphere. The intention is to improve opportunities f or value formation and counter threats that may expose the use or authority of the present value generators in the future. The recognition and assessment of means to value creation are also fundamental as it is the capability to devise and realize plans based on the value invention decisions (Kotler, 2009). The Role of Marketing The planning process begins with an examination of the firm's internal and external entities creating a situation analysis. Based on a comprehensive review of these applicable issues, the firm establishes its operation, strategy, objectives, and more than a few functional plans. Planning efforts pertaining each functional area will generate strategic plan for that area. Although it is pertinent to note that the processes apprehended with developing a customer-oriented marketing strategy and marketing plan, should pressure that firm to develop effective marketing plans that are conversant with the business's goals. Senior management must synchronize these fun ctional plans in a way that will achieve a firm’s mission and business objectives. The Marketing Plan is a written document providing the layout of the firm’s marketing activities that involve execution and control of those proceedings. A marketing plan generates a number of purposes. For one, the marketing plan distinctively depicts how the firm will achieve

Logistics & Physical Distribution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Logistics & Physical Distribution - Essay Example The key components of the paper involve company description, supply chain mechanism, key performance indicators, charts and diagram of supply chain and applicable support systems such as ERP, SCM, and APS. My supply chain design of the company ABC is aimed at ensuring that time for clearance and distribution of goods at port is minimized. This paper addresses the design and operation of company ABC in terms of its supply chain. Key Performance indicators (KPI’s) in terms of supply chain of the company ABC concerns improvement of time usage at ports (Kapoor and Kansal 2003). Diagram and charts providing the logistics and physical distribution of the ABC are essential for effective presentation of the strategy. Physical distribution comprises the movement, handling, and storage of products from the point of source to their tip of consumption or employ, via various routes of distribution. Logistics administration comprises the management of these functions for competent and expenditure successful physical distribution. It must be apparent the last 50 meters are fitting more and more leading in these kinds of supply chains. Supply chain organization is the lively administration of supply chain actions to exploit customer value and accomplish a sustainable aggressive advantage. The objective of Company ABC is to increase efficiency through elimination of redundancy distribution and supply processes that are used in many clearance and forwarding organization. The goals of supply chain management are to minimize and reduce organizational inefficiencies. In order to employ this in company ABC’s supply chain, it is necessary to analyze the process of organizing practices among production facilities, suppliers, customers and distribution centres. This will enable a precise distribution of goods at the right time to the correct destination. By doing this, it would be possible to reduce costs while sustaining a desired service level. After assessing the objective of

Samaritan Woman Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Samaritan Woman - Essay Example Jesus told her that he could offer her â€Å"living water and will never thirst again† and also told her of her life and all she had ever done. She then knew who he was. Leaving behind her jar of water, she ran back to the village and told everyone to go see a man who told her of everything she had ever done. In my opinion, this Samaritan woman seems to be one whose character is questionable and without moral, religious and even cultural standing. Previously, she had five husbands and was currently in an unlawful marriage. In the first century Samaria, such a marriage setup was not acceptable. Marriage and family were held in high esteem and with the utmost respect. Divorce then was not a very common occurrence. Within the family, each had roles. When it came to their cultural taboo, a Jewish man was not allowed to speak to a woman in public. Therefore, just like the twenty-first century, marriage involving the union of a man and woman is highly regarded. It is not to be dissolved indefinitely unless in cases of infidelity. However, despite divorce cases being rampant as compared to the first century, it is not wrong for a man to speak to a woman in public in this era. From a Christian perspective, a man and a woman are supposed to be legally married for their marriage setup to be lawful. Although the Samaritan woman was sinful, Jesus gave her another chance to repent and change her ways just as we today should hearken unto the word of God and change our sinful acts.

Death and birth of stars Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Death and birth of stars - Assignment Example The last known supernova occurred about 140 years ago in our galaxy. It was not recognized because it occurred close to the galaxy center. Our galaxy has been deficient in production of supernovas because only one has occurred in about 140 years as opposed to the documented probabilities. 4. One solar mass pre-main sequence tends to radiate more energy in the conformation of excessive heat: the need to acquire stability. Less energy is radiated upon entry into main sequence. It reaches equilibrium and becomes opaque. Energy tends to be conserved internally and hence less energy radiated and thus the observed reduction in luminosity. 5. Collision and Fusion force theory: it is proposed that water came to be on earth as a result of bombardment of comets; ‘wet’ asteroids and ice particles. Even though it may seem right, a humongous number of comets would be required to collide and form the huge should have been 6.36 million with a 40% ice-water as mass. This theory could be misleading because such huge number of comets might not have existed to pass close to earth, collide and form water. It is not clear if they could have produced about 1.33x10^18 tons of all water on earth. Second is the adhesion of water on interstellar dust particles theory. One theory proposed by Dr. Drake has indicated that water was already present on dust particles from the interstellar clouds. This through computer stimulations has established strong evidence that through adhesion forces; it could just be as true that water came to be on earth under such conditions. These forces were responsible for retention of water on dust particles even under extreme temperatures and pressure. This later joined to form water. This theory poses certain inconsistencies because it’s hard to really very water could have been held for that long on interstellar dust when planets

Critical Response to Lackoff and Johnson’s Metaphors Essay Example for Free

Critical Response to Lackoff and Johnson’s Metaphors Essay The metaphor is central to human thought. Clearly this is the principle thesis presented in Metaphors We Live By (1980). Indeed, the thesis is contained very clearly within the title of the text. Yet, perhaps the most striking point about the argument presented by these two linguists is expressed in the idea that language is a powerful weapon of force by which human beings live and through which they interact. â€Å"Argument is war† is one statement that expresses this idea quite clearly and is supported by the various examples of argumentative speech that use verbs associated either with physical conquest and overpowering, or with the direct opposite, destruction and overpowered weakness. One of the most compelling aspects of the argument in Metaphors (1980) is the notion that people subconsciously integrate poetic imagination and elaborate rhetoric into their speech, despite the often mundane everyday tasks about which their thoughts and actions revolve. The role of language, then, is deeply questioned. The underlying problem is how we, human beings, relate to the world and each other. The argument from Lackoff and Johnson may be that we conceptualize our lives and thus we relate to the world around us in a conceptual way. There is, however, a difficult in thus attempting to analyze our use of language using language. After all, definitions and functions of words, the very focus of linguistics, all play an integral role in the analytical process of the human mind. It’s something like the linguistic version of the chicken and the egg. Which came first, concepts or language? When we say that time is money and use expressions like, â€Å"you’re wasting my time†, could it be that the notion that time is money emerged as an actual practical consideration and subsequently developed into a conceptual notion? Just as the example of the â€Å"apple-juice-chair†, an apparently absurd phase in general, can have a viable meaning in a given context, it seems plausible that metaphorical concepts such as â€Å"time is money† and â€Å"argument is war†, leading to the extension of the metaphor in language such as â€Å"you’re wasting my time†, could simply have received their contextual relevance over time.

The Client Under Design Bid Build Procurement System Construction Essay

The Client Under Design Bid Build Procurement System Construction Essay Procurement system of Construction project is broad in scope because it involve the gathering and organizing of innumerable of separate individuals, firms and companies to design, manage and build construction product such as commercial building, residential building, Infrastructure, bridges, factory for specific client. (Rosli Abdul Rashid et al, 2006) The procurement literally means to obtain by care, to acquire While, system in literally mean organized method, approach, technique, process or procedure (Rosli Abdul Rashid et al, 2006). (The Aqua Group, 1999) described procurement system s the process obtain goods and services from another for some consideration. Project Procurement is the organization structure needed to design and build construction projects for a specific client (Masterman,1996). 2.2 Design Bid Build Procurement system (Traditional Procurement system)Client Architect/Engineer Contractor Sub-Contractor Design Bid Build Procurement system is describe as the statute for delivering public owner improvement project ( Marion Country Board of Commissioner, 2011). Design and Bid Build Procurement system is a separation of design from Construction, the system is harder integration coordination of various design. The coordination is multiple responsibilities and allocation of design and construction responsible are not always clear (K.C .Lam, n, d). The Design Bid Build Procurement system has been identified as the slowest project delivery approach (Rosli Abdul Rashid er al, 2006). Traditional system is better cost control as such cost increase due to variation minimized, but works were often disrupted when there are too many variations (due to unforeseeable problem) and it tend to cause the cost to inflate (Masterman, 1996). Design Bid Build provid high degree of quality certainty and functional standard because it provide opportunities for client to combine the best design, management and construction expertise between consultants and contractor .Moreover, it also provide more time for client and consultants to review and fully develop the design and specification thus allowing better documentation preparation (Rosli Abdul Rashid er al, 2006). In traditional procurement system, Architect is the lead designer, but coordination of services is passed to ME consultant and Main contractor and Site Coordination by all sub-contractor managed and prepared by Main Contractor ( K.C .Lam, nd). Design and build procurement system are the process where the client deals directly with the contractor for the complete building and it is the contractor who is not only responsible for but also coordinate the separate design and construction process, including engagement of the design team, therefore contractually linked with the contractor and not the client( The Chartered Institute of Building (CIOB-1983), n.d). 2.2.1Role of the Client under Design Bid Build Procurement System Under a traditional Procurement system, the client employs plans and specification by the way of bidding format to obtain tender bid and select the select the suitable contractor. This means the client warrants the sufficiency of the plans with full disclosure of the information and assumes any liability for defects and the plans and specification that he provides to the contractor. ( Bryan S. Shapiro, 1994). 2.2.2 Role of Consultant and Contractor under Traditional Procurement system Normally the architect or engineer will prepare the plan and specifications for the owner prior to tendering. Which mean the architect or engineer legally responsible to the owner for the design defects according his professional services. Generally, the design professional has no liability for the construction defects, other than for the defects that should observe from field services inspection which he has carried out. Most important of all, the designer has contractual obligations to protect the owner The consultants act as the agent for the owner during the construction phase ( Bryan S. Shapiro, 1994). The Contractor is has liability for defective construction and workmanship, but he has no responsible for design defects ( Bryan S. Shapiro, 1994). 2.2.3 Advantages of Traditional Procurement system The Design Bid Build Procurement system is known quantity to client, designers and constructors. This is the greatest strength for this procurement system. For so many years, this delivery system was the predominant one for the construction in United State. The Procedure and contractual rules of conduct have been worked out and well understood by all the construction parties. Most of the professionals prefer this well define relationship, which reduces their level of risk because this procurement reduces uncertainty. Under the right circumstance, this means that a project more likely to proceeds smoothly from the beginning stage until the end of the project (Frederick E. Gould Nancy E. Joyce, 2003). The mood also contains contractual protection for the client. The allocation of the risk for the construction performance rests almost completely on the contractor and subcontractors. The Client was insulated from many of the risk of cost overruns, such as nonperforming sub-contractors, labour inefficiencies, inflation and etc. In most instances, the client knows the final cost at the beginning of the construction cost, and the risk of cost overruns is borne by the contractor. However, the risk of cost increases depends to large extent on the accuracy and completeness of the contract documents (Frederick E. Gould Nancy E. Joyce, 2003). Last, the client has not to be involved in the construction process. But, he must involve in design stage to make the decision about accept or not accept the design. Once the construction process start the client is represented by the consultants empowered to act in his name to make recommendation (Frederick E. Gould Nancy E. Joyce, 2003). 2.2.4 Disadvantages of Traditional Procurement system The contractor does not enter the process until the design complete, which mean the design not usually reviewed for constructability before it is finish. Design features could have been built more effectively and economically often result in higher costs. Some of the design firm solving this problem by hiring preconstruction consultants or having construction professional. Although this is bring benefit to the project but it is not effective as having design reviewed by the contractor. (Frederick E. Gould Nancy E. Joyce, 2003). Next, the traditional procurement system is difficult to reduce the time required by both design and construction. The process is sequential and linear from design stage to procurement stage then last construction stage. There is no chance to overlap tasks and thus reduce overall time. This will cause the raise of interest expenses on construction loan and other costs and can expose the project to risk of inflation. The time element problem always is the primary reason client refuse in use of the Design Bid Build method (Frederick E. Gould Nancy E. Joyce, 2003). Subsequently, unforeseen conditions on a job also be source of the conflict and may lead changes in the contract. A through design process complete set of drawings attempt to minimize these conditions. Conduction additional soil borings or opening walls in renovation work can help to properly identify actual conditions and avoid future conflicts. Unfortunately, not every condition can be identified and when unforeseen events occur the contract may have to be renegotiated between client and contractor. This may take away advantage to the client in terms of knowing the cost when the beginning stage of construction (Frederick E. Gould Nancy E. Joyce, 2003). 2.3 Design and Build Procurement SystemClient Architect/Engineer Contractor Sub-Contractor Term Design and Build refer to the procurement strategy that entail the contractor carry out the work; design work as well as the construction completion of the work .Design and build procurement system is define as an integrated procurement system. This system was first launch at Malaysia in 1983, the first project handle by design and build was the Kuala Terengganu Hospital complete at 1985. (Ng Weng Seng and Aminah Md Yusof, 2006). The main characteristic of the Design and build system are single responsibility to a particular organization which mean the fox price lump sum and the project is designed and built specially to meet needs of the client (Ng Weng Seng and Aminah Md Yusof, 2006). According (Mladen Radujkovic etl, n.d.) the Design and build procurement system is a single point contract between client and Contractor. (Turner, 1990) and (Jansen, 1991) supported that DB contractor is supplying option of buying a finished building. (Masterman, 1992) state that the term Design and Build has almost been identical interpreted and defined as being an arrangement where one contracting organization takes sole responsibility. Design and build having a better integration coordination of all member work under one umbrella and consultant works with contractor, second coordination after design is not necessary, and both will be involved for the design stage. In DB procurement system, DB consultant must be provide workable drawing and both Architect and engineers will provide coordinated design and solve coordination problem quickly (K.C.LAM, n.d). DB procurement system is a fast tracking delivery system, because it allow process of detail of design and construction to run parallel and concurrently to each other, therefore if any problem occur consultant can contractor can solve immediately and reducing overall project development period. Cost of DB procurement system is more higher than traditional procurement system because it lack of design and specification detailing during tender, this cause uncertainties to contractor for pricing. DB procurement also are allow contractor utilize his knowledge and experience to develop much compacted and coherent work program and to develop more efficient design and project control. (Rosli Abdul Rashid er al, 2006) This DB procurement system is used extensively in certain industries, particularly industrial construction. The complexity of the industrial projects such as oil refineries and power plants makes them a good candidate for DB. Before the traditional method become popular, DB was actually the preferred mode of delivery for almost all projects, although it was not named as such. An owner hired a master builder, who designed the project, acquired the materials, and hired and supervised the craft workers on the site. This mode of delivery became less popular as professional tasks became more specialized (Frederick E. Gould Nancy E. Joyce, 2003). In general, it can be conclude that DB procurement system provide single point responsibility for the whole design and construction. Contractor, who is responsible for the implementation of the project, has right control all over the project. This nonetheless does not deter the involvement of the client. The clients requirement and specification always been taken in to priority consideration, which consequently present uniqueness of the system (Frederick E. Gould Nancy E. Joyce, 2003) 2.3.1Role of clients under Design and Build procurement system The difficulty with the preparation of the clients requirements does not end at the preparation stage. Most of the clients do not realise that the requirements only amount to schematic design of the product. In traditional procurement system, the supervising consultant would prepare the detail design before issuing the instruction to the contractor. In DB procurement system the contract assume that the contractor take care of the detail design and is conferred a relatively wide mandate when interpreting the clients requirements (Tan, Daniel, 1997). Disputes as to whether and instruction constitutes a variation often revolve around the clients requirements. Has there been non-compliance of the requirements or otherwise? It would be appear that the new client tat wish to have more in the end of the product would have more detail clients requirement prepared. Inevitably higher cost to the client will result in preparation of clients requirements which defeat one of the benefit of adopting a design and build procurement system (Tan, Daniel, 1997). When the clients providing too much detail may realise that they are doing what their contractor is being paid to do. But, some may not realise that they may also be prejudicing their contractual position by assuming responsibility for parts of the design, particularly so if the detail design is on their contractor. (Tan, Daniel, 1997). 2.3.2 Role of Contractor under DB procurement system Under DB contract the contractor is assumes that to responsible for the design. It is incumbent on the contractor to engage a design team to come up with a design which comply the clients requirements (Tan, Daniel, 1997). For those inexperienced DB contractor the selection of the designer for project design team is vital. Not only should the contractor select the team member that know how to integrate their portion of work into overall design intended by contractor, it is imperative that each team member knows how to receive instructions from the contractor (Tan, Daniel, 1997). There are vast number of the consultants in Malaysia are not accustomed to receiving the instruction from the contractor. Irrespective of the terms and conditions of the contract at hand, some consultants either consciously attaches more weight to the requirement of the client rather than contractor. Consultants appear to be entrenched in the traditional form arrangement and area inflexible, so it seems when taking instruction from contractor. The selection process for the design consultants must be exercised with great care to ensure that they are able and willing to receive instruction from contractor (Tan, Daniel, 1997). 2.3.3 Advantages of DB procurement system The reason for most of the clients choosing DB procurement system is this system provide good communication that can occur between the design team and construction team. Many large size DB companies specialize in particular areas and have developed a smooth flow between design and construction phase of the project. This collaboration allows the project be easily fast tracked, cutting down and overall schedule for the project (Frederick E. Gould Nancy E. Joyce, 2003). Good communication between design team and construction team are allows construction input early in the design phase. Such input includes constructability analysis, value engineering and subcontractor pricing. Cost estimating, master programme, long lead item identification, and ordering all become part of the overall project planning (Frederick E. Gould Nancy E. Joyce, 2003). This arrangement allows easier incorporation of changes due to scope of unforeseen conditions since their coordination occur within the same contractual entity. The client is less heavily involved and sits outside the direct day to day communication between designer and constructor. This keep owner staffing to a minimum and puts the full responsibility for good communication, problem solving , and project delivery on DB team (Frederick E. Gould Nancy E. Joyce, 2003). 2.3.4 Disadvantages of DB procurement system Although DB procurement system give the owner a fixed, firm price before the project start, this generally does not happen in a DB arrangement. Because the firm is hired before the design has start, any real pricing is not possible. Instead, client usually enters this arrangement with conceptual budget but without guarantee of a firm price. Firming up the price too soon puts the DB team in the position of making the scope of fit the price, which carries the risk of sacrificing quality to protect profit. If the project is fast-tracked, the client may not have a good idea about the final price until parts of the project complete (Frederick E. Gould Nancy E. Joyce, 2003). Next, the Client ability to remain marginally involve can be both and advantage and disadvantage. When DB Company has an organization that is efficient at performing work, the project can move very fast. If the client does not stay consistently involve throughout the process, he may have to make decision without fully understanding the issues. Once the project develops a rhythm, the project is difficult to change that rhythm. If the client is not moving to the same rhythm, the project may take a direction that he does not want but is not aware of until too late (Frederick E. Gould Nancy E. Joyce, 2003). Last, is the lack of check and balances. In the traditional contract, the designer prepares a complete set of documents, which is used to measure and evaluate the performance work done at the site. The client often hires the consultant to oversee the work of the contractor to ensure that the deficient work is identified and correct. But the in Design and Build procurement system the designer works for Contractor Company. Similarly, during construction the contractor sometimes uncovers the certain design deficiencies and error on missions. The designer is contract bound by the contractor to correct these deficiencies without additional cost to the client. In Design and build the designer and builder are put in position of critiquing their workers and perhaps affecting their bottom line by that critique. The client must rely more heavily on the quality and ethics of the firm since most of the checks and balances will likely take place behind the companys door (Frederick E. Gould Nancy E. Joyce, 2003). 2.4 Contractor Risk and Problem Some of the problems unfortunately only surface after commencement of a project and in not expected, it will pose real problems to unsuspecting clients and contractors. (Tan, Daniel, 1997). The unsuspecting client may find that he still has to engage his own consultants for technical guidance and preparation of the material setting out the clients requirement. The trustful contractor may find that his costs and effort for tendering would be quite high especially if he is unsuccessful in the tender exercise. Contractor liability assumed for design could be much wider than anticipated (Tan, Daniel, 1997). The most of the problem face by contractor was, delays in the construction industry are a global phenomenon and the construction industry Malaysia is no exception (Muraili Sambasivan Yau Wen Soon, 2005). Delays and disruption to contractors progress are major source of claims and disputes in construction industry. The matter often in dispute concern the dichotomy in responsibility for delays (Clients and Contractors) partly because of the multifarious nature of the sources of delays and disruption. With increased project complexity and requirements coupled with multiple parties all subject to their performance exigencies, the resolution of such claims and disputes has become a matter difficulty (Nuhu Braimah Issaka Ndekugri, 2008) The factor adversely affecting the cost performance of project are conflict among project participants, ignorance and lack of Knowledge, presence of poor project specific attributes and non-existence of cooperation, hostile socio economic and climatic condition, reluctance in timely decision, aggressive competition at tender stage and short bid preparation time (K.C. Iyer K.N. Jha,2005). Late and non-payment from the client will cause cash flow problems to the project especially to contractors (M.S. Mohd Danuri, M.E. Che Munaaim,H.Abdul Rahman M.Hanid, 2006) Some common type of problem faced by the contractors who was a bumiputra in Malaysia Construction industry such as Lack of expertise and experience Over-optimistic estimation in tender bids Material price escalation Financial problems Material supply networking Lack of skilled worker Lack of construction material and machineries Inefficient an ineffective planning and management Communication problems (Abdul Rahman Ayub Janidah Eman, 2006) Delays of deliveries, sub-standard workmanship and materials, poor safety management on sites and cost over-run of governments project are some of the issues that been seriously discussed by the government. (Abdul Rahman Ayub Janidah Eman, 2006) Sub-contractors failure to perform to the quality expectations (Abdul Rahman Ayub Janidah Eman, 2006) Delays of project causes are financing of and payment for completed works, poor contract management, changes in site condition and shortages in materials (Mansfeild NR, Ugwu OO Doran T, 1994). Delay via project participants and extraneous factors (Odeyinka HA Yusif A, 1997). The following is some risk face by contractor. Financial constraints Late payment by clients Relationship between emerging contractors and suppliers Difficulties when running a business (Wellington Didibhuku Thwala Mpendulo Mvubu, 2008) Â · 2.5 Communication Channel Many author identified communication as one of the core indicators in enhancing the practice of team integration in construction projects (Che Khairil Che Ibrahim et al, 2011) Communication has been link to team effectiveness, the integration of work units across organisational levels, characteristic of effective supervision, job satisfaction and overall organisational effectiveness (Love et al, 1998) The construction industry needs to communicate better not only with the public but also its distinct professions or we can call communication also is a professional practice (Cheng et al, 2001) By establishing communication flows, involvement patterns and other behavioural responses to unexpected change events, the nature of any professional and cultural interfaces can be established (Moore,D.R. Dainty, A.R.J, 2001) In order to lower down the complexity of the design implementation process, high degree communication between the designer and builder must be established (Ochieng, E.G. Price, A.D., 2009) Lack of communication between all key member of the project in any construction project in a multi-disciplinary team has led to trouble in the development process for both project management and design implementation levels (Evbuomwana, N.F.O Anumba, C.J., 1998). The communication barriers between project team had left the construction team almost to the design changes. They further added that by having multi-disciplinary project team, communication system can be improved as the will encourage face to face between the design team and construction team. Developing effective communication systems throughout the construction supply chain will ensure good and dependable flows of information; establishing mechanisms for problem resolution and for generating added-value into project scan be improved as they will encourage face to face relationship and interaction between team member (Briscoe, Dainty,A. ,2005) Construction organisation must form effective communication link in order to realise the benefits of partnership and alliances. Organisation thattrly on co-operation and trust have been found to obtain lower costs for as long as network is maintain (Cheng et al, 2001) 2.5.1 Communication and Conflict The construction project who communicate most often are the distinct professions such as client, contractor and designer. The highly differing professions and their multi-disciplinary skill often limit the scope of communication amongst the professions (Professor James Sommerville, Nigel Craig and Michael Mccarney, 2004). Within construction project delays are almost inevitable and as a result of this conflict and claims situations will arise (Alkass et al, 1995). The construction industry is inherently burdened with conflict and disputes s a result of increasing complex projects by clients (Kangari, 1995) Conflict within communication can be traced back to inadequate inaccurate, inappropriate, inconsistent and most important late information (refer Table 1) and this can occur despite the advancements made in document management system and information management techniques (Tam, 1999) Factors that contribute to conflict Information Factors Human/organisational factors Lack of adequate project information Lack of integration amongst project parties Lack of information from the client Lack of competence and professionalism Inadequate contract administration Inappropriate contract/procurement type Inadequate contract documentation Adversarial culture of construction organisations Inadequate design/tender information Slow response form clients Poor document transfer/communication Unrealistic time, cost and quality targets Table 1: Factors that contribute to conflict within the construction industry 2.5.2 Electronic Document Management Systems (EDMS) EDMS has often been viewed as a non-value added component of the construction process. As a result of this view, most of the construction organisations suffer greatly from the consequences of poor information management systems (Kangari, 1995). Construction project begins the day first negotiations or network communication has taken place. A great problem of many projects and construction organisations is poor, unstructured record keeping the document control throughout the project. However, the use of system like EDMS can be called upon to provide structured document based evidence that can be used to settle a dispute (Ren et al., 2001) Organisations that support the notion of structured EDMS keep the most sophisticated documentation records and will have a decide advantage in any dispute resolution proceeding (Kangari, 1995). EDMS encourages co-operative working environments and streamlines communication throughout the varying construction organisations although the huge quantities of project documentation created can result in information overload and can be attributed to the rise in use of general IT systems within the construction industry (Professor James Sommerville, Nigel Craig and Michael Mccarney, 2004). Managing project information with EDMS removes the onus on the individual to file information; this person in the past had been responsible for filing and other associated task (Sommerille and Craig, 2002). EDMS system should in essence control, store and transfer project information in systematic manner taking away the need to rely on individual of organisation to take the task. EDMS produce not only vast amounts of information but also better and more understandable structured information (Professor James Sommerville, Nigel Craig and Michael Mccarney, 2004). Electronic Document Management System (EDMS) have provided the industry with great benefits in the consistency of document generation, accessibility and the exchange of project documentation and have now become crucial component for managing the construction project. The widespread adoption of Information Technology (IT) and EDMS has created a culture of openness and trust and one which allows all project participants to have instantaneous access to project documentation although the nature of the industry can also contribute to the lack of IT involvement in many construction organisations (El-Ghandour and AL-Hussein, 2004). 2.3 Measurement of project performance 2.3.1 Contractor Effectiveness and efficiency Every project can be evaluated by well performance or bad performance. There are a lot of way can measure the performance of the project. Different country has a different way to measure the project performance. Performance basically measures by effectiveness and efficiency (Sinclair and Zairy, 1995). Effectiveness is mean the contractor produce the contingency plan before the construction start, which mean the contractor and his consultancies team alreadyv identify all the risk which will possible cause the project delay. However, Efficiency is contractor provide the good performance with complete the work within the time and within the budget. The most important is ensure the quality of the construction when handle the product to the Employer. 2.3.2 Improvement of the performance from previous project. ( Mbugua et al., 1999) define performance of the project is measured as an organized way of operation or construction activity and acts as tool for continuous improvements. Contractor can improve their performance base on the previous performance from the project which is same characteristic which the current project. Example, the current project is the contractor has to build the 30 storey high residential building under Design Bid build procurement system. Contractor can review the previous project which is same characteristic as current project. Contractor can improve the weakness and minor mistake which make in the previous project, so the contractor can ensure it would not happen again in this project. Next, is to maintain the strength to this project, the contractor understand their strength so they can carry the project with smooth flow and provide good performance during construct the building. 2.3.3 Iron Triangle (Arazhi Idrus, Mahmoud Sodangi and Mohamad Haq Husin, 2011) state that in early of 1990s, the project success was measured by the project duration, monetary cost and project performance. Time, cost and quality are the basic criteria for to success complete the project, it also known as the iron triangle as this feel element will always include in any project evaluation. Nowadays, most of the contractors are using this 3 element as the criteria for the success of the project. But, unfortunately most of the small firm size contractors at Malaysia just focus on the Cost. They do whatever they can to protect their profit, this will cause most of quality of the project did not meet the standard which state in the content of the contract document. 2.3.4 Construction Business Performance Measurement (Love and Holt, 2000) discussed the criteria measure of the construction performance in United Kingdom (UK) in construction industry. They found 2 different type of the Construction Business Performance Measurement, which are Stakeholder Perspective Measurement (SPM) and Business Performance Measurement (BPM). BPM is a myopic thinking should rejected as it focusing short term, being specific, profit-oriented and neglecting broader stakeholder problem (Arazhi Idrus, Mahmoud Sodangi and Mohamad Haq Husin, 2011). This method of measurement only to meet client objectives and goals without consider the nature of business environment, structure of organization and level of technology employed (Love and Holt, 2000).Subsequently is SPM practice under three perspective which are stakeholders entity where they take account on interest of customers and shareholders; goal-orientated (profit centred) as a system that involve in resource garnering, conversion and exchange with environment (Love an d Hold, 2000). 2.3.5 Different Procurement with Different Performance According to (Abdul Rashid et al, 2006) there are different procurement system are available for the Employer and effect of the differe

Strategic Review of LOreal External Environment

Strategic Review of LOreal External Environment This essay firstly introduce LOreal and their main operations in recent years, and then emphasize to analysis their external environment, such as P.E.S.T analysis, five forces analysis, sector level analysis and product life cycles analysis. And in the end analysis the opportunities and threats which the company faces over next 3-5 years 2. Company and Product Overview The LOREAL Group is the worlds largest cosmetics and beauty company and it headquartered in the Paris suburb of Clichy, France. LOREAL has developed activities in the field of cosmetics, concentrating on hair color, skin care, sun protection, make-up, perfumes and hair care. LOREAL is active in the dermatological and pharmaceutical fields. LOREAL is also the top nanotechnology patent-holder in the United States. à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã‹â€ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%E2%80%99Orealà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã¢â‚¬ ° It operates in over 130 countries. It markets 18 brands through two divisions, cosmetics and dermatology. The cosmetics division of LOREAL has four segments: professional products, consumer products, luxury products and active cosmetics. The dermatology segment includes dermatological and pharmaceutical activities of the company. LOREAL got its start in the hair-color business, but the company soon branched out into other cleansing and beauty products. LOREAL now markets over 500 brands and many thousands of individual products in all sectors of the beauty business: hair color, permanents, styling aids, body and skin care, cleansers and fragrances. They are found in all distribution channels, from hair salons and perfumeries to hyper and supermarkets, health/beauty outlets, pharmacies and direct mail. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%27Oreal) 3. External environmental analysis 3.1 P.E.S.T Analysis PEST analysis stands for Political, Economic, Social, and Technological analysis and describes a framework of macro-environmental factors used in the environmental scanning component of strategic management. 3.1.1 Political and Legal Forces The political challenge is that LOreal should conform to all the different government leadership styles in various countries it operates within. LOreal faced a decline in the dermatology branch led by its Galderma brand due to new legislations governing drugs (Euromonitor, 2005). The EU law affects LOreal. LOreal is restricted in their use of certain kinds of chemicals, such as Phthalates which is carcinogenic (The Rules Governing Cosmetic Products in the European Union). LOreal is obligated to produce safe products that do not contain any harmful substances. Also, legislation for advertising is also affecting LOreal. LOreal has to follow the rules set by Advertising Standards Authority. For example, advertisements cannot be misleading that over-exaggerating the functions of a product (The Control of Misleading Advertisements Regulations 1988). Recent policy developments in the European Union (EU), that is the safety of cosmetics is directed standards. Seventh Amendment cosmetics directive finally approved by the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union, It is expected an immediate ban on animal testing products and a total ban on animal testing of cosmetics raw materials, no later than six years to implement the directive. (Anonymous,http://www.jrc.ec.europa.eu/more_information/download/ecvam2.pdfà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã¢â‚¬ ° In addition, It needs an immediate ban on new cosmetics sales (of finished products and raw materials) and the experimental animal alternative methods have been tested in ecvam and accept the existence of the ban on the sale of cosmetics, on human health affected to a certain extent. It is thought that LOreal should fully understand these policies, and to avoid a violation of these policies and regulations, strictly control chemical products and related banned substances content 3.1.2 Economic Environment Analysis LOreal should adapt to all the different economic environments and problems in all countries it operates in. For example in 2004, LOreal was affected by the continued weakness of the dollar and other currencies. Economic crisis is a bad news for LOreal, The world GDP is fall sharply from 2007 to 2009, The economic downturn will be a great chanllege for the development of LOreal Although the growth last year is below that in 2008 due to the financial crisis, it is fortunate that it still met the target, said Paolo Gasparrini, president of LOreal China, at the 6th China Young Women in Science Fellowship Award Ceremony sponsored by LOreal in Beijing Tuesday. In the first three quarters of 2009, LOreals total gross sales increased 0.7 percent compared to last year, of which growth in Asia, where the Chinese market is a large contributor, totaled 21.2 percent, he said. (http://msn.huanqiu.com/bizchina/2010-01/700911.html) 3.1.3 Social Environment Analysis The culture of countries in which a business operates can be of particular importance. The culture of a country consists of the values, attitudes and beliefs of its people. (David Campbell, George Stonehouse and Bill Houston: 119). For example, with modern standard of living continues to improve and the level education get higher and higher, the social increasingly recognize the external image, and people are increasingly focusing on the image appearance, the demand of quality and effectiveness of cosmetic and related skin care products become higher and higher. 3.14 Technological Environment Analysis Changes in technology affect the products available to consumers and business, the quality of the products and their functionality. (David Campbell, George Stonehouse and Bill Houston. 124). Todays society is constantly changing, technology updates means that the product updates, cosmetic update speed, short product life cycles, a cosmetics market, we should immediately prepare for the next period. As the technology develops, people can be more channels to purchase products, business and customer contacts more and more ordinary. So technology is the enterprise competitive advantage. Along with the development of science and technologyà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’ the latest scientific and technological achievements and advanced technologies rapidly apply in cosmetics industries, particularly biotechnology, nanometer technology, information technology, electronics technology, which provide a lot of opportunities for the development of cosmetics industry. LOreal has strong research and development (RD) capability, According to new technological development, the company registered 529 patents related to cosmetics and dermatology in 2005. (http://dbic.datamonitor.com/companies/company ) 3.2 Five Forces Analysis According to Porters five forces which determine the nature of competition within an industry. The five forces are: The threat of new entrants to the industry; The threat of substitute products; The power of buyers or customers; The power of suppliers; (to business in the industry) Rivalry among businesses in the industry. Force 1: It is thought that because cosmetic industry needs products quality inspection for safety, and large investments which including technology and a great deal of capital, it is difficult to enter the cosmetic industry. However, at present, there is few entrants can threat LOREAL. Force 2: By reason of many personal cosmetics may contain a series of potentially toxic compounds, including artificial membrane. One research found cosmetics containing some spices and xylene which easily lead to the abortion of pregnant women. Many facial cream are also contain compounds which similar with the role of female hormones. So the threat of substitutes is using pure natural products. Force 3: According to a survey commissioned by New Woman magazine and published in April 2006, the average woman is estimated to spend a staggering  £182,528 on beauty products between the ages of 18 and 80. 5,000 women were questioned, (Anonymous, http://www.keynote.co.uk/kn2k1) eight in ten of whom said they wore make-up every day and almost half of whom admitted that they would not leave the house without it. So the power of buyers is very strong, which is very favorable to LOREAL. Force 4: LOREAL products were sold in many large department stores or supermarkets. The suppliers are all have strong bargaining power. So LOrà ©al should develop a close partnership with suppliers, in order to sell products better. Force 5: The global cosmetics business is intensely competitive, with a few big corporations and a large number of small companies vying for market share. The company competes against global companies such as Avon, Està ©e Lauder, Procter Gamble, Revlon, and a number of smaller companies as well. Of late, those bigger companies sharpened their focus on the market of beauty and personal care products. Increased competition may lead LOrà ©al to price reductions, reduced profit margins and loss of market share. 3.3 Strategic Space/Group Analysis A business can rarely confine its analysis to the level of the industry and markets in which it operates. It must also pay particular attention to its closest competitors who are known as its strategic group. PRICE BRANDING INTENSITY LOW HIGH LOW HIGH Està ©e Lauder Avon Revlon P G LOrà ©al From the strategy groups above, it is obviously that LOrà ©al has a high branding intensity and medium price, therefore compare with other competitor LOrà ©al has competitive advantage. 3.4 Life Cycles Analysis Generally speaking, cosmetic products are in the maturity period of the product life cycle. In this period users tend to saturation and users repeat purchase reliance. In competitive condition competitor fight to maintain market share, but it is difficulty in gaining market share. All competitors emphasis on low cost (efficiency). LOrà ©al should pay attention to the quality of products and improve the packing, in order to keep old customers and attract new customers. 4. Opportunity and threat analysis over next 3-5 years 4.1 Opportunities It is thought that LOrà ©al faces the following opportunities and threats, these main changes will influence the companys planning over the next 3-5years. First of all, it is thought that the opportunity of LOREAL is aging population. The most developed countries are already highly aging society, aged 60 or older in the proportion of the population is above 15%, and for example the percentage of the US population who are over 55 years is forecast to increase from 20% in 2007 to 33% in 2027. (Anonymous, http://dbic.datamonitor.com/companies/company ) This is likely to increase demand for anti-aging products. LOREAL successfully launched many anti-aging products in 2007, including RevitaLift Double Lifting, Collagen Filler, and Lancomes Renergie Morpholift. As aging baby boomers attempt to preserve their looks through anti-aging products, LOREAL will not be short of opportunities. The second opportunity is proposed acquisition of Body Shop. As the rapidly growing of personal care products market, demand for the products is rising as consumers shift to products which are safer and more eco-friendly. The natural personal care products market is expected to grow at an annual rate of 12% a year, to reach an estimated $1 billion in 2010. (Anonymous, http://dbic.datamonitor.com/companies/company) The proposed acquisition of the UK-based Body Shop International, a company founded by Anita Roddick that uses primarily organically-derived ingredients, would allow LOREAL to capitalize on the growing demand for natural personal care products. Thirdly, the growth of India and China. LOREAL could offset weak performance in Western Europe by expanding its presence in fast-growing markets such as India and China. The company already has a presence in these two countries, whose economies are forecasted to grow at a high rate in the coming years. In 2007, the companys sales in China grew by 27% while sales in India expanded by 46%. (Anonymous,http://dbic.datamonitor.com/companies/company)Further expansion in China and India may help LOREAL overcome sluggish growth in Western Europe. 4.2 Threats Howeverà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’it is thought that there are three main threats which will influence LOREAL. Firstly, Economic crisis is a bad news for LOreal, The economic downturn will be a great chanllege for the development of LOreal The secondly, the competition is intense in the market. The global cosmetics business is intensely competitive, with a few big corporations and a large number of small companies vying for market share. The company competes against global companies such as Revlon, Estee Lauder and Procter Gamble, (Anonymous, http://dbic.datamonitor.com/companies/company ) in addition to a number of smaller companies. Recently, some big companies have sharpened their focus on beauty and personal care products market, as well as emerging markets. Increased competition could result in price reductions, reduced profit margins and loss of market share. The third one are new regulations. Several consumer protection groups are voicing concerns over the presence of harmful chemical ingredients in cosmetic products. A recent study showed that about one-third of cosmetic products contain known carcinogens. (http://dbic.datamonitor.com/companies/company ) Due to increasing public pressure, in US the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is expected to impose stringent quality norms on cosmetic products. (Anonymous, http://dbic.datamonitor.com/companies/company ) New regulations may delay the launch of new products and result in higher product development expenditure, not to mention the possible effects of the adverse publicity generated by the new regulations. The last one is counterfeiting. The counterfeiting of popular cosmetic products has increased in recent years. Increasing sales of counterfeit products negatively impact the companys sale. Low quality counterfeits also reduce consumer confidence in the products of a company. More important, the companys key differentiator, exclusivity, is damaged by counterfeiting operations. Widespread counterfeits reduce the exclusiveness of the companys brands. Counterfeit products not only deprive the company of revenues, but also dilute the reputation of the brand. 5. Conclusion According the discuss above, it is conclusion that among LOrà ©als external environment, it is thought that the competition of cosmetic and fragrance market become more and more drastic, especially faced with strong competitors, and it is thought that there are opportunities and threats to LOrà ©al, the company should take advantage of these opportunities and to etain its status as the leader of cosmetic and fragrance industry. Word :1779

Comparing Let Us Now Praise Famous Men and An American Exodus: A Record

Comparing Let Us Now Praise Famous Men and An American Exodus: A Record of Human Erosion The Great Depression, which began with the stock market crash of 1929 and lasted for the next decade, was a time of desperation and disorientation in America. In an effort to bring the country back on its feet, President Roosevelt initiated the Farm Security Administration (FSA) project. Photographers were hired and sent across the United States to document Americans living in poverty, and Dorothea Lange and Walker Evans were two of those photographers that were sent out. Along with their partners Paul S. Taylor and James Agee they started their projects which were approached through two different methods. Agee and Evans project Let Us Now Praise Famous Men and Lange and Taylor’s project An American exodus: A Record of Human Erosion, are two similar, though different types of work. Both projects are of the poor tenant farmers in the south and the sharecroppers living during the Great Depression during the 1930s. The first difference I noticed is the way the pictures are presen ted in the two projects. By this I mean how they are taken and how Evans and Lange chose which ones that were to be included in the books. A second difference is that Agee and Taylor had two different writing techniques and these are the biggest differences between the two books. Despite the similarities in the two texts presented by the authors and photographers, their work is presented in two various ways. Agee and Evans project was done after living with three tenant families and Evans photographs are completely separate from Agees text. There are not any captions or names and they do not tell us where the photos are taken or who the people in the pictures are. Lange and Taylor’s project on the other hand is written in a way that helps us read the photographs and it is easier to see the connections between the text and pictures. The captions underneath the photos are based on words formulated by the people in the picture. However, the photos that do not have any people in them still have captions, but in this case we can assume that someone has told the photographer or author what to write for each photo. By this method the true meaning of how the turmoil during this period affected the people in question is more precisely illustrated because it inc ludes the words uttered by the people thems... ...f it hurts you, be glad of it. As near as you will ever get, you are inside the music; not only inside it, you are it; your body is no longer your shape and substance, it is the shape and substance of the music.† (101) Here the structure of the text is visible, but to me it becomes messy and confusing. I feel he tries to say more than is needed and the meaning behind the words becomes tedious. In conclusion, all though the projects of the authors and photographers are very similar they are very different as well. The only common element the two books contain is the depictions of the people during the Great Depression. They both try to illustrate the conditions during this time, but that’s were the similarities end. As mentioned earlier, the difference lies in the how the text is written and the methods chosen to present the pictures. I feel that Lange’s and Taylor’s book is a more accurate presentation of the Great Depression than the book written by Agee and Evans is. Agee and Evans’s book seems to be more of a depiction of how they perceived the Great Depression rather than how it really was. Therefore, I feel their project is more of an â€Å"art-piece† rather than a documentary. Comparing Let Us Now Praise Famous Men and An American Exodus: A Record Comparing Let Us Now Praise Famous Men and An American Exodus: A Record of Human Erosion The Great Depression, which began with the stock market crash of 1929 and lasted for the next decade, was a time of desperation and disorientation in America. In an effort to bring the country back on its feet, President Roosevelt initiated the Farm Security Administration (FSA) project. Photographers were hired and sent across the United States to document Americans living in poverty, and Dorothea Lange and Walker Evans were two of those photographers that were sent out. Along with their partners Paul S. Taylor and James Agee they started their projects which were approached through two different methods. Agee and Evans project Let Us Now Praise Famous Men and Lange and Taylor’s project An American exodus: A Record of Human Erosion, are two similar, though different types of work. Both projects are of the poor tenant farmers in the south and the sharecroppers living during the Great Depression during the 1930s. The first difference I noticed is the way the pictures are presen ted in the two projects. By this I mean how they are taken and how Evans and Lange chose which ones that were to be included in the books. A second difference is that Agee and Taylor had two different writing techniques and these are the biggest differences between the two books. Despite the similarities in the two texts presented by the authors and photographers, their work is presented in two various ways. Agee and Evans project was done after living with three tenant families and Evans photographs are completely separate from Agees text. There are not any captions or names and they do not tell us where the photos are taken or who the people in the pictures are. Lange and Taylor’s project on the other hand is written in a way that helps us read the photographs and it is easier to see the connections between the text and pictures. The captions underneath the photos are based on words formulated by the people in the picture. However, the photos that do not have any people in them still have captions, but in this case we can assume that someone has told the photographer or author what to write for each photo. By this method the true meaning of how the turmoil during this period affected the people in question is more precisely illustrated because it inc ludes the words uttered by the people thems... ...f it hurts you, be glad of it. As near as you will ever get, you are inside the music; not only inside it, you are it; your body is no longer your shape and substance, it is the shape and substance of the music.† (101) Here the structure of the text is visible, but to me it becomes messy and confusing. I feel he tries to say more than is needed and the meaning behind the words becomes tedious. In conclusion, all though the projects of the authors and photographers are very similar they are very different as well. The only common element the two books contain is the depictions of the people during the Great Depression. They both try to illustrate the conditions during this time, but that’s were the similarities end. As mentioned earlier, the difference lies in the how the text is written and the methods chosen to present the pictures. I feel that Lange’s and Taylor’s book is a more accurate presentation of the Great Depression than the book written by Agee and Evans is. Agee and Evans’s book seems to be more of a depiction of how they perceived the Great Depression rather than how it really was. Therefore, I feel their project is more of an â€Å"art-piece† rather than a documentary.

Experimental Training Program: Wilderness/adventure Learning :: essays research papers

Experimental Training Program: Wilderness/Adventure Learning Training employees is a fundamental element of a corporations success. A company succeeds only as well as the people running it can perform. This training process can cover many skills and go into many areas of expertise. One key element that has only recently come into action is an outdoor- based experiential training program. Commonly called "ropes courses," wilderness courses or adventure learning programs have been in use in the USA since the early 1980's, and by organizations in the UK since the early 1970's. Outdoor programs have been most beneficial when used to promote effective work teams and used to enhance leadership and management skills in the participants. Outdoor- based training programs seem to accomplish these objectives by allowing participants to develop a high level of trust in their peers, improve their problem-solving ability, and generally improve the level of interpersonal communications between group members. Companies are looking for leaders that can launch them into a new era. Constant improvement is necessary to meet the growth of challenging competition. So who defines leadership? What is a leader and how would you raise these skills that may be laying dormant in your subordinates? Organizations need great leaders to help them successfully survive the many difficulties of this decade. Yet, the very notion of leadership has rapidly degenerated into a clichà ©, a buzz word. In many people's minds, leadership has become identified with an overly simplistic conception of vision and empowerment. Although these concepts do play an important role in the leadership process, they only scratch the surface of what an exceptional leader actually does on a day-to-day basis. What do leaders really do to make an organization work well? In my research I found that great leaders exhibit nine different kinds of behaviors that enable them to bring out the best in the people around them. Some of the nine behaviors of leadership listed below involve building participatory teams, some involve using "situational management strategies," while others enhance personal resources. Listed separately, the nine behaviors include: Developing people. Being able to influence others. Encouraging teamwork. Empowering people. Using multiple options thinking. Taking intelligent risks. Being passionate about work. Having a strong, clear vision. Stretching one's personal creativity. While many people think leaders are unique, even born to that state of excellence, I have found just the opposite. With proper experiential training, it is possible for people to learn these leadership behaviors. In other words, leaders can be developed. By all means they should be developed at many levels in an organization because leadership in a hierarchical situation stimulates the best in their followers and thereby increases overall productivity.

Essay --

Sex, drugs and rock-and-roll. These are just a few of the things that summon countless people to The Rocky Horror Picture Show on Friday and Saturday nights. An abundance of teens and people are either pulled in by someone in their family or group of friends and there are those who are merely pulled in and attracted by the peculiarity of the name of the show that brings up and causes a sense of interest and curiosity. What pulled me into it was my group of close of friends and their parents who grew up and relive the show and movie every Halloween. Many people go to discover themselves in a setting or group where they feel that they fit in and are accepted. Those people that normally get called freaks or loser go to see The Rocky Horror Picture Show because it has become a meeting ground where they are not labeled as a freak or loser. Each and everyone that attends the Rocky Horror Show have a unique individuality concerning them that is distinguished by all at each and every showing . Every time you see the Rocky Horror Show, you meet others who are like you and those who share the same interests as you. This sense of community and belonging helps to build friendships and bonds between the audience and the cast. It also creates a feeling of a second family in the theater and a unique feeling that goes with you no matter where you are in the theatre. Every week before the show, the cast calls up a random number of â€Å"virgins†, or first timers to the show, who are chosen to be called up in front of the audience. This in the real world outside of the theatre is called faking an orgasm. This humiliation is all in jolly good fun and is seen as the rite of way into the Rocky Horror community. The first time I went to the sh... ...black eyeliner and â€Å"Misfit makeup†, as my friends called it, and left to go join my friends, groupies and new family at The Rocky Horror Picture Show. Water guns, playing cards, toast, rice, newspapers and the never ending â€Å"Time Warp† are always going to be part of the Rocky Horror Picture Show that has been accepting freaks, weirdoes and misfits since 1973. The people, the virgins, and the experiences may change through the years and the places in which you attend will too, but one thing will always remain the same. Every Friday and Saturday night in theaters across the nation and Great Britain, these people gather with their friends and family to watch one of the best movies and plays of the modern, psychedelic generation. When you go experience the show, you will never forget that being yourself is the absolute best thing you can ever do for you. Essay -- Sex, drugs and rock-and-roll. These are just a few of the things that summon countless people to The Rocky Horror Picture Show on Friday and Saturday nights. An abundance of teens and people are either pulled in by someone in their family or group of friends and there are those who are merely pulled in and attracted by the peculiarity of the name of the show that brings up and causes a sense of interest and curiosity. What pulled me into it was my group of close of friends and their parents who grew up and relive the show and movie every Halloween. Many people go to discover themselves in a setting or group where they feel that they fit in and are accepted. Those people that normally get called freaks or loser go to see The Rocky Horror Picture Show because it has become a meeting ground where they are not labeled as a freak or loser. Each and everyone that attends the Rocky Horror Show have a unique individuality concerning them that is distinguished by all at each and every showing . Every time you see the Rocky Horror Show, you meet others who are like you and those who share the same interests as you. This sense of community and belonging helps to build friendships and bonds between the audience and the cast. It also creates a feeling of a second family in the theater and a unique feeling that goes with you no matter where you are in the theatre. Every week before the show, the cast calls up a random number of â€Å"virgins†, or first timers to the show, who are chosen to be called up in front of the audience. This in the real world outside of the theatre is called faking an orgasm. This humiliation is all in jolly good fun and is seen as the rite of way into the Rocky Horror community. The first time I went to the sh... ...black eyeliner and â€Å"Misfit makeup†, as my friends called it, and left to go join my friends, groupies and new family at The Rocky Horror Picture Show. Water guns, playing cards, toast, rice, newspapers and the never ending â€Å"Time Warp† are always going to be part of the Rocky Horror Picture Show that has been accepting freaks, weirdoes and misfits since 1973. The people, the virgins, and the experiences may change through the years and the places in which you attend will too, but one thing will always remain the same. Every Friday and Saturday night in theaters across the nation and Great Britain, these people gather with their friends and family to watch one of the best movies and plays of the modern, psychedelic generation. When you go experience the show, you will never forget that being yourself is the absolute best thing you can ever do for you.

This Is My Playes Last Scene

How has Donne used characteristics typical of metaphysical poetry to convey his ideas in â€Å"Holy Sonnet: ‘This is my playes last scene’? † This is my playes last scene is one of Donne’s ‘Holy Sonnets’ embodying spiritual pain and struggling faith in Christianity. Numerous biblical allusions and morbid tone that are typical of metaphysical poetry, convey Donne’s fear of death and religious scepticism. The opening four lines depict the last moments of the speaker’s life through metaphoric comparisons. The comparison â€Å"playes last scene† suggests the speaker is searching for an end that is meaningful and fulfilling.Christian imagery in â€Å"pilgrimage’s last mile† places this envisioned end in religious context, as a pilgrimage to the site of treasured holy relics is representative of Donne’s path to unfaltering devotion, to God. A paradoxical phrase ‘idly, yet quickly run’ expresses t he speaker’s hesitance on the way to achieving this believed end to life. The addition of the comparisons â€Å"span’s last inch† and â€Å"minute’s latest point† enhances the cumulative listing of comparisons and dramatises the speaker’s fear of death.The startling personification â€Å"gluttonous death† portrays Donne’s morbid paranoia of the brief moment when body and soul become â€Å"unjoint†. The speaker’s life is dichotomised; his body shall â€Å"sleep a space†, his soul shall â€Å"see that face†, a Christian image of God’s omnipotence imparting judgement on the speaker. The ninth line witnesses a direct confidence in the speaker’s tone â€Å"as my soul, to heaven her first seat†. More prominently featured â€Å"So, fall my sins†, the immutable tone conveys a false reassurance, whereby the speaker actually pleas helplessly for God’s will and judgement.The i mperative voice in â€Å"Impute me righteous† forcefully channels the persona’s imploration to receive God’s judgement and have so-called righteousness imputed. The precise word â€Å"impute† makes another religious reference to the Christian understanding of attributing unearned qualities in an act of grace. The finality of the sonnet is epitomised by the poetic triplet â€Å"the world, the flesh and devil†, which alludes to the three sinful temptations as it was known in the context of Donne’s time.It enhances the prayer made by the speaker to be purged of sinful thoughts and acts, by godly intervention that would finally allow him to reach a transcendental state. Ultimately, Donne questions the Christian faith, and commands God’s mercy and judgement by Christian imagery and references to Biblical passages. He expresses despair about his salvation, and reveals his fear of death in a sensitive meditation. As such, the poem is an exem plary display of typical metaphysical characteristics.

Summary of the Poem

Explore the ways in which Hopkins conveys the beauty of the nature in Pied Beauty? Hopkins creates a prayer like poem in praise of the beauty and design of nature that God has created. He chooses unusual descriptions to encapsulated the variety of beautiful sights and sounds that can be found in the world and celebrates the astonishing complexity of God's creation in this pared down sonnet. He creates a reverent and worshipful tone that epitomizes his feelings of awe and wonder when confronted with the natural world. Firstly ‘Pied Beauty' is a prayer like poem.We can see this at the beginning and end Of the poem when it says ‘Glory be to God for dappled things' and ‘Praise him'. This reminds us a lot of a prayer as we start a prayer with God and end with God this is a simple message from the poet that is he is writing about nature he is writing about god. Also it is a short poem, which makes a simple point. Secondly this poems design has a range of nature, which sta rts of big a gets smaller for example it starts of with the sky to cow to trout to chestnuts then finally with ‘finches wings'.So he really shows us the range of nature from the massive sky to tiny little, delicate finches wings. Thirdly ‘Pied Beauty has some unusual descriptions for example to describe the sky he says ‘For skies of -couple color as a branded cow' now here we can see that what he means is brindle but the author has change it to either fit the poem or because he thinks it sounds better. He means brindle as in striped with different colors this is unusual but a very good way to describe the sky. Fourthly Gerald Manly Hopkins uses a variety of beauty in his poem.He uses sights and sounds to his advantage we can see this when he says ‘swift, slow' and ‘sweet, sour he make these very opposite comparisons with nature. Fifthly the poem has astonishing complexity this has happened because he has made up his own words up for example ‘brand ed cow' and ‘couple-color' this makes him very individual. This also makes sounds very effective and makes us think more about the poem and what it is about. He makes words that are very similar to that actual one but he either changes them or edits hem for example ‘branded' which is actually ‘brindle'.Sixthly the pared down sonnet is very irregular as a normal sonnet has 14 lines here the sonnet has only eleven. However the poem has regular meter beats of ‘A, B, C, A, B, C, D, B, C, D, C' so it is regular apart from the last five lines which make their own meter. Seventh the worshipful tone this is a very religious poem and they have to make that impression by the time you have finished the poem. They achieve this by the last line it is very short and says ‘Praise him' this is a very simple one which makes it more affective.It also it very memorable as it is very short and to the point. It reminds us of a prayer as in a prayer you end with amen and her e it is ‘Praise him' they are both really short and to the point. Awe and wonder, in conclusion, In this way, we can see how Hopkins creates a powerful poem that skillfully describes and praises the beauty of nature. He achieves this through carefully chosen images that economically portray natural images whilst structuring a reverent piece of almost religious quality.